Wobblers disease, or Wobblers syndrome, might sound like a quirky name, but it’s something any pet owner should not take lightly.
Officially known as cervical spondylomyelopathy (CSM), this disease affects the dog’s spinal cord and nerve roots in the neck. It leads to a variety of symptoms, one of which is the characteristic “wobbly” gait, which sort of gives it its name.
In this blog, we’ll discuss more about what Wobbler’s disease is, what causes it, and how we can help.
What Is Wobblers Disease in Dogs?
Essentially, Wobblers disease in dogs causes compression of the spinal cord in the neck, which interferes with their ability to move normally. This disease is usually due to abnormalities in the vertebrae or discs.
Because of this compression, the signals between the brain and the body will get disrupted. Over time, the ongoing compression will damage the dog’s spinal cord, resulting in the characteristic wobbly gait and weakness.
Some dogs can develop it as they age, while others show earlier signs because of inherited traits.
Causes of Wobblers Disease in Dogs
The exact causes of Wobblers are still unknown, with some factors being suspected. The main issue is spinal cord compression in the neck, so anything that can contribute to that is a potential cause.
Genetic Predisposition
The most popular theory for the cause of Wobblers disease in dogs is a genetic predisposition. This disease mostly affects large and giant dog breeds because of the traits they inherit.
Some dogs are born with a narrow spinal canal or poorly formed vertebrae. This can lead to cervical vertebral instability, nerve root intrusion, and spinal cord compression. Great Danes, Rottweilers, Doberman Pinschers, and Mastiffs are common breeds affected.
Diet and Rapid Growth
A diet with too much protein, calories, and calcium can potentially contribute to Wobblers. In addition to this, fast growth rates in large and giant breed puppies can also cause stress on the developing bones and spine.
Age
For middle-aged or older dogs, age-related wear and tear can contribute to Wobblers disease. The structures in the spine will naturally degenerate because of the disease's progressive nature.
Here, the intervertebral discs may bulge and apply pressure on the spinal cord. This aggravates cervical spondylomyelopathy.
Signs of Wobblers Disease in Dogs
The clinical signs of Wobblers in dogs will gradually develop because of the progressive nature of the disease.
Wobbly Gait. A wobbly gait is the trademark sign of Wobblers in dogs. You will notice your dog walking unsteadily and with a bit of swaying here and there. They’ll appear clumsy when walking on any type of surface.
Paw Scuffing. Your dog may drag their paws slightly when moving. This scuffing can result in visible wear on their nails.
Neck Pain and Stiffness. Neck pain is a frequent issue in dogs with Wobblers. Affected dogs will show stiffness when turning or lowering their heads for eating and drinking, playing, and running.
Difficulty and Reluctance to Move. Dogs might also be reluctant to move because they are having a hard time doing so. They might prefer to rest and lie down rather than to move, jump, or even walk. Even getting up from resting positions can be difficult.
Weakness in the Limbs. The more the disease progresses, the weaker all of the dog's limbs will feel. This can result in a staggering, “drunken” appearance when walking.
Change in Posture. Some dogs adopt unusual postures to alleviate cervical vertebral instability, such as holding their head lower than normal or standing with a hunched back.
Diagnosing Wobblers Disease in Dogs
We do a couple of tests to make sure we get an accurate diagnosis of your dog's condition.
Physical and Neurological Examination
The first step we take is to assess your dog's mobility, reflexes, posture, balance, coordination, and pain. This gives us a starting point to decide which other tests to take. Unsteady walk, neck pain, and limb weakness, can be indicators.
Imaging Techniques
Diagnostic imaging tools will be used to confirm the diagnosis and assess the compression of the spinal cord.
X-rays can help reveal malalignments or narrowing of the spinal canal. CT scans provide more detailed images of bone structures and potential bone spurs. MRIs are ideal for visualizing soft tissue and the spinal cord. This tool helps us see where the compression is and how it affects the spinal cord.
How Is Wobbler's Disease in Dogs Treated?
The treatment process will involve a series of steps, all managed by our own orthopedic specialist, Dr. Sarabjit Singh.
Medications
For dogs with mild symptoms or those unsuitable for orthopedic surgical treatment, medications are used first. Anti-inflammatory drugs and pain medications can be prescribed to reduce spinal cord compression and relieve pain.
Surgical Interventions
For severe or progressive cases, orthopedic surgery may be necessary. The goal is to relieve pressure on the spinal cord and provide relief from the pain.
We can do a dorsal laminectomy. Here, the bone from the top of the vertebrae is removed. This reduces spinal cord compression. We can also do a ventral slot procedure that allows us to remove the compressed disc material bulging into the spinal canal.
Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation
Another important part of the treatment process is physical therapy. Our pet physiotherapists will be the ones to guide your dog to recover muscle strength, mobility, and physical activity.
This can include gentle exercise, short walks, and hydrotherapy. We’ll also complement these methods with acupuncture. The focus is to help your dog recover without causing any strain.
Prognosis for Dogs With Wobblers Disease
Cervical spondylomyelopathy can be difficult to manage, but dogs can still live comfortably with prompt treatment and management. For dogs with mild symptoms, rest, medication, and physiotherapy.
Surgical treatment offers the best long-term outcome, especially for dogs with moderate to severe signs. Many dogs will improve significantly after surgery, regaining mobility and movement.
Dogs with severe spinal cord damage, such as paralysis or muscle wasting, will have a more guarded prognosis. Even with surgery, they might not gain full mobility and recovery.
Regardless of treatment, dogs will need long-term management and lifestyle adjustments. This means regular checkups, controlled exercise, weight management, and medication. Some dogs can benefit from raised food and water bowls, as well as other quality-of-life adjustments at home.
“Keep your dog’s moves steady and they’ll be happily playing for years to come.”
- Dr. Sarabjit Singh
Final Thoughts
Wobblers disease in dogs is a serious condition that makes them struggle to walk, move, or even eat. If your dog is affected, be sure to be right by their side, supporting them through every step of the process. While it can’t be cured, you can keep your dog happy for years to come.
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