The cornea is the clear, outer layer of the cat’s eye, a component vital for vision. When that layer becomes damaged, it creates an open sore called a corneal ulcer. Corneal ulcers in cats are more common than many pet owners realize, and they can be incredibly painful.
This condition can be caused by anything from a simple scratch to a viral infection. It also progresses quickly and, if left untreated, can lead to complete vision loss.
In this guide, we’ll cover everything you need to know about cat corneal ulcers.
What Causes Corneal Ulcers in Cats?
While some causes are external, others stem from underlying health issues or chronic conditions. Below are the common causes of cat corneal ulcers:
Eye Injuries and Trauma
Eye trauma is the most common cause of corneal ulcers in cats. Even a simple scratch on the eye's surface can lead to a painful ulcer. These injuries can come in multiple ways, including:
Rough play with other pets.
Fights with outdoor cats.
Excessive pawing at the eye.
Rubbing the face on furniture.
Contact with foreign bodies.
Eye Infections
Cat eye infections from bacterial, fungal, and viral agents can lead to corneal ulcers. Feline herpesvirus is the leading cause, and it often causes respiratory symptoms as well.
Bacterial ulcers often produce a yellow-green discharge and can progress quickly without treatment. Fungal ulcers are more common in outdoor cats who come into contact with organic material like soil or decaying plant matter.
These infections not only cause eye ulcers but also delay healing and interfere with your cat’s routine.
Eyelid Abnormalities
Some cats inherit eyelid abnormalities and structural issues that increase their risk of corneal ulcers. One of the most common inherited eye conditions is feline entropion, which happens when the eyelid rolls inward. Over time, the constant irritation leads to corneal ulcers.
Other abnormalities, such as tumors and scar tissue, can lead to improper eyelid function and increase the risk of ulcers.
Dry Eye
Dry eye is a condition that can leave the eyes vulnerable to infections and injuries, which increases the risk of corneal ulcers. Tears are essential for maintaining a healthy eye surface, washing away debris and keeping the cornea moist.
Chemical Burns
Chemical exposure is a less common cause but still a possible one. Cleaning products, sprays, and other chemicals can cause chemical burns when they come into contact with a cat’s eyes.
The corneal tissue is sensitive, meaning that even a tiny bit of chemical exposure can be dangerous for the eyes.
What are the Symptoms of Corneal Ulcers in Cats?
The signs of cat corneal ulcers are generally localized on the eyes themselves, making it somewhat noticeable. Here are the common symptoms you’ll be able to notice:
Excessive Squinting and Blinking. Cats with eye issues, like corneal ulcers, often squint and blink more often. This is generally because of the chronic pain and discomfort.
Redness and Inflammation. The eyes and their surrounding tissues can appear red and inflamed.
Tearing and Eye Discharge. A cat with a corneal ulcer may have increased tear production or thick eye discharge. The type of discharge can depend on the causative agent.
Sensitivity to Light. Cats affected by corneal ulcers can often experience sensitivity to light. They’ll often avoid areas with bright light and tend to hide in corners, underneath sofas, or other areas with dim light.
Pawing at the Eyes. Persistent rubbing and pawing at the eyes can indicate corneal ulcers, among other eye conditions. This behavior can make things worse and cause more injuries, which makes it necessary to intervene.
Cloudy or Hazy Eye Appearance. As the cornea becomes damaged, it may appear cloudy, bluish, or hazy. Affected cats can often experience vision problems with this symptom.
Behavioral Changes. Cats with corneal ulcers will have noticeable behavioral changes. You might notice decreased activity, reduced appetite, or increased irritability.
How to Diagnose Corneal Ulcers in Cats?
Corneal ulcers can progress quickly, which means prompt diagnosis and treatment are crucial. Here are the methods we use to test for this eye issue:
Ocular Examination
We’ll start by physically examining your cat’s eyes. Our pet ophthalmologists will look for signs of trauma, inflammation, infections, and abnormalities. A numbing drop can reduce discomfort during the assessment.
Eye Staining Test
An eye staining test is the most commonly used method for diagnosing corneal ulcers in cats. A special dye is applied to the eyes. Under a blue light, any damage or scratches will glow a bright, green color.
This test shows the depth, size, and location of the ulcer, helping us to decide the next treatment steps.
Cytology
If there’s excessive discharge or the ulcer isn’t healing as expected, we may collect a sample for a quick microscopic examination. This helps us detect any microorganisms or inflammatory cells that could be contributing to the problem.
Culture and Sensitivity Test
In some non-responsive cases, we might take a swab sample to the lab. The culture helps us identify the specific pathogen present, allowing us to know which medication works best against it.
How are Corneal Ulcers in Cats Treated?
The good news is that cat corneal ulcers can be treated. Mild ulcers can be treated with medication, while advanced cases need more precise care.
Here are the standard treatment options for corneal ulcers in cats:
Medications
For superficial ulcers, medications are often enough to treat the problem. The specific prescription will depend on the specific cause, but treatment typically involves eye drops or ointments applied directly to the affected eye.
Oral medications will be needed for systemic causes, while pain medications and atropine drops can also be administered to provide relief and comfort.
Surgical Correction
In cases where the ulcer is deep, surgical intervention may be necessary. This can include multiple techniques, such as:
Corneal Debridement. This procedure involves the removal of dead tissue from the cornea’s surface to promote healing and recovery.
Conjunctival Graft. A conjunctival graft uses tissue from the cat’s own inner eyelid to cover and protect a deep or infected corneal ulcer. This graft supplies blood and structural support to the cornea, speeding up the healing process.
Superficial Keratectomy. The outer, damaged layers of the cornea are removed to encourage healing. It’s generally used for chronic or non-healing ulcers, especially when scar tissue is involved.
Aftercare will generally involve pain medications, lifestyle changes, and the use of an Elizabethan collar to avoid eye scratching.
How to Prevent Corneal Ulcers in Cats?
You won’t be able to prevent corneal ulcers in your cat entirely, but there are some smart ways to reduce the risk.
Schedule Regular Eye Checks
Routine checkups can help us detect any eye problems before they lead to a serious issue like corneal ulcers. This is especially helpful for cats with chronic eye conditions.
Protect Your Cat’s Eyes
Eye trauma is the leading cause of corneal ulcers in cats, which means that protecting their eyes is a must. Keep your cat’s environment safe and supervise outdoor time. Avoid areas with dense shrubbery and watch out for potential fights with other cats.
Store Chemicals Away Safely
Store chemicals and other similar products in appropriate areas where your cat can’t access them. Cats are known to be curious, which means that proper storage helps keep them safe.
Clean Your Cat’s Eyes
Be sure to clean your cat’s eyes regularly to remove dirt, debris, or bacteria. Use a soft, damp cloth or a vet-approved eye wipe.
“Your cat’s eyes are delicate, and keeping them safe is one of the many ways we can show our love.”
- Dr. Nenad Misura
Conclusion
Corneal ulcers in cats are painful, severe eye conditions that can hinder vision and disrupt routines. Fortunately, these sores can be treated and managed relatively easily, especially with early detection.
With the right knowledge, you can ensure that your cat gets the care it needs to stay safe and comfortable with perfectly clear vision.
Share
