Dec 26, 2024
Cats are known for scaling heights and landing safely due to their amazing righting reflex. But even these graceful creatures can experience troubles when falling from great heights. This is where high-rise syndrome in cats comes in.
What is High-Rise Syndrome in Cats?
High-rise syndrome refers to a specific set of injuries that cats sustain after falling from tall buildings or structures. The term was first coined by veterinarians who noticed an increase in such cases during the warmer months when windows and balconies are more likely to be open.
In urban areas, this phenomenon is surprisingly common. Cats, curious by nature, may chase after birds insects, or simply lose their footing while exploring. With this, they explore any type of surface, no matter the height, significantly increasing the risk of injury.
The severity of injuries often depends on the height of the fall and the surface they land on. Contrary to what some may think, falling from a medium height can sometimes be worse than falling from a very high one, as it doesn't give the cat enough time to fully orient itself.
Causes of High-Rise Syndrome in Cats
Cats are naturally curious creatures, and their instinct to explore high places often puts them at risk of falling. Here are some of the common causes of high-rise syndrome in cats:
Unscreened Windows and Balconies
One of the most frequent causes is open windows or balconies without proper screening. Cats typically look through windows to get a glimpse of anything they may find interesting. In cases of open windows, they might venture outside, losing their balance in the process.
The Hunting Nature
Cats have an innate hunting drive. Through this drive, they become so focused on stalking and chasing that they may sometimes forget their surroundings. This intense focus on the hunt leads to risks and potential injuries from great heights.
Startling Sounds or Movements
Loud noises like car horns, fireworks, or sudden movements in their environment can startle a cat, causing them to lose their footing. This is especially risky when cats are perched on window sills or narrow balcony rails.
Lack of Awareness of Heights
Despite their reputation for being cautious climbers, cats don’t always understand the dangers of falling from significant heights. For some cats, particularly kittens or those new to high-rise living, a fall might result from sheer inexperience.
Poorly Designed Indoor Layouts
Homes with easily accessible windows and climbable areas of risk create a dangerous space for cats. It’s hard to prevent cats from going outside, and with a poor indoor layout, cats can easily go outside through windows and openings, putting them at risk.
Symptoms of High-Rise Syndrome in Cats
When a cat falls from a height, the resulting injuries can range from mild to life-threatening. Some injuries are immediately visible, while others may be internal or take time to manifest. Here are some of the common signs of high-rise syndrome in cats:
Limping or Difficulty Moving
A cat may limp or avoid using one or more limbs if there are fractures, sprains, or soft tissue injuries. Look for hesitation to walk, uneven movement, or complete immobility in one leg. Cats with high-rise syndrome also avoid jumping or climbing, activities they usually enjoy.
Labored or Rapid Breathing
Rapid breathing could indicate damage to the lungs, such as a collapsed lung or bruising. Watch for shallow or fast breathing, panting, or any noise when your cat inhales or exhales. If their gums appear pale or bluish, this is an emergency and signals a lack of oxygen.
Bleeding or Visible Wounds
Falls can result in cuts, scrapes, or deeper wounds. These may be external or internal, with internal bleeding being harder to detect. If you see bleeding from any part of their skin, such as the ears, legs, and nose, they might have fallen from a great height. Make sure to check for swelling and open wounds as well.
Behavioral Changes
Injuries to the jaw, teeth, or face can make it painful and uncomfortable for your cat to eat. They may also have difficulty grooming when they have injuries. Excessive drooling, pawing, and loss of appetite are some of the common behavioral changes you’ll see if your cat has high-rise syndrome.
Additionally, cats often hide when they’re in pain or feel vulnerable, making it a challenge to detect injuries. If your normally social cat is avoiding contact, hiding under furniture, or displaying aggressive behavior when approached, it’s a sign something may be wrong.
Excessive Vocalization
Vocalizing can indicate pain, fear, or distress following a fall. Cats may meow loudly, growl, or yowl when touched or moved. If there are any signs of unusual vocalization, your cat might be asking for help with an injury or a condition. Usually, you’ll be able to see other accompanying signs as well.
Swelling or Deformities
Swelling is often a sign of trauma, infection, or broken bones. Visible deformities can indicate severe fractures or dislocations. Check for lumps, bumps, or abnormal angles in the legs, back, or tail. If your cat’s posture seems hunched or they’re holding their head at an unusual angle, an injury might’ve happened.
Changes in Eyes or Head
High-rise syndrome in cats can cause head trauma if the fall is intense. When this happens, cats will have difficulty with vision, coordination, and balance. If you notice your cat bumping into furniture or being disorientated most of the time, this might be a clear sign of a head injury.
Signs of Shock
High-rise syndrome in cats can cause shock. This shock can be seen with lethargy, pale gums, and other associated behavioral changes.
Treatment for High-Rise Syndrome in Cats
If your cat has experienced a fall from any height, make sure to bring it immediately to the clinic. High-rise ryndrome injuries in cats can range from minor to severe, all needing expert treatment. Here are some of the ways we address and treat high-rise syndrome in cats:
Emergency Stabilization
The first priority for our vets is to stabilize your cat. We’ll first administer emergency care to address any urgent concerns. This includes addressing life-threatening issues such as shock, severe bleeding, or difficulty breathing.
Treatment may involve oxygen therapy to assist with lung injuries or respiratory distress, fluid therapy through an IV to combat dehydration and shock, and pain management medications to alleviate discomfort and calm your cat during evaluation.
Treating Fractures and Orthopedic Injuries
The most common injuries from high-rise syndrome in cats are broken and dislocated bones. These treatments will be carried out by our pet orthopedics, whether the injuries are minor or major.
For minor fractures, casting or splinting may be sufficient to provide stability. Severe fractures might require surgical intervention, using pins, plates, or screws to stabilize the bone. During recovery, cats often need several weeks of restricted activity and rest to allow bones to heal properly.
Managing Internal Injuries
Internal trauma is one of the most serious consequences of a fall. Surgery may be necessary for internal bleeding or ruptured organs, such as the spleen or bladder. Medications for each situation may be prescribed to manage pain, reduce inflammation, or treat infections.
Cats with internal injuries may often need to be closely monitored to see if the treatments are working.
Care for Facial or Dental Injuries
Facial trauma, including jaw fractures or dental damage, requires specialized dental care. Jaw stabilization may involve wiring or other surgical techniques to ensure proper healing. Damaged teeth may need to be extracted or repaired to restore function.
During recovery, cats with facial injuries often require soft food to minimize the stress their jaws will experience.
Preventing High-Rise Syndrome in Cats
Preventing high-rise syndrome in cats is far easier than dealing with the consequences of a fall. To start, a few home adjustments should do the trick. Here are some of the things you can do to prevent high-rise syndrome in cats:
Secure Windows and Balconies
One of the most effective ways to prevent falls is by ensuring that windows and balconies are safe. Install sturdy cat-proof screens or barriers on windows to keep your cat from slipping through or jumping out.
For balconies, consider using cat-proof netting or enclosures that allow your cat to enjoy the view without putting them at risk. Make sure access to your balconies is always closed.
Supervise Outdoor Access
If your cat has access to outdoor areas, always supervise them. Make sure to be with them as they explore the outside world, especially if there are heights involved.
Provide Safe Alternatives
Cats love climbing and perching in high places, so provide safe alternatives to satisfy their instincts. Spending on cat trees, shelves, and climbing posts can help stimulate a similar environment, reducing their need to go outside.
Eliminate Temptations
Remove items that might encourage risky behavior near windows or balconies, such as unsecured plants, curtains, or furniture your cat could use as a launching point.
Keep Your Cat Engaged Indoors
Boredom can lead to more risky explorations, so provide plenty of mental and physical stimulation inside your home. Toys, puzzle feeders, and interactive playtime can keep your cat entertained indoors.
Regular Vet Checkups
Cats with physical conditions such as impaired vision or reduced mobility may be at a higher risk of falls. Regular vet visits can help monitor any issues, ensuring your cat stays safe and healthy.
Conclusion
High-rise syndrome in cats is a serious concern for cat owners, especially for those who live in urban areas with significant heights. To help prevent this dangerous condition, taking steps to adjust your home is the best way to keep your cat safe.