Jan 8, 2025
If you notice your cat’s eyes looking quite swollen and red, it might be experiencing an eye problem in cats called conjunctivitis. Conjunctivitis, or pink eye, is one of the most frequent eye issues seen in felines and can bring a lot of misery to your best friend.
The main part of the cat’s eye being affected by the condition is the conjunctiva, hence the name. This is a thin membrane that shields the white part of your cat’s eyes, keeping it moist. It also serves as a protective barrier against debris and pathogens.
What Causes Conjunctivitis in Cats?
When it comes to the causes of pink eye in cats, there are lots of factors to consider. The causes will involve infectious and non-infectious agents.
Infectious Causes of Conjunctivitis in Cats
Many cases of pink eye in cats are caused by infectious agents. These are often contagious and require immediate care to prevent spreading and worsening symptoms.
Viral Infections
Viral infections are one of the most common causes of conjunctivitis in cats, with feline herpesvirus being the most prevalent. Feline herpesvirus is highly contagious and can easily be transmitted through contact with cats, contaminated areas, and highly congested areas for cats.
Another common viral cause is feline calicivirus, which is typically associated with upper respiratory infections. Cats affected by calicivirus may develop conjunctivitis along with ulcers in the mouth and nose, making them feel unwell overall.
Bacterial Infections
Bacterial conjunctivitis is another frequent issue in cats and often occurs alongside or following a viral infection. Chlamydia felis is one of the primary bacterial agents responsible for conjunctivitis.
The Mycoplasma species, another bacterial cause, can also lead to eye inflammation, although it may present with milder symptoms. Bacterial conjunctivitis is especially common in shelters or homes with multiple cats, where close contact makes it easier for infections to spread.
Fungal Infections
Although less common, fungal infections can sometimes lead to conjunctivitis in cats, especially those with compromised immune systems. Fungi such as Aspergillus or Cryptococcus may infect the eyes, causing inflammation and discharge.
These types of infections can be contracted from the environment, as fungi love to stay in soil, decaying organic matter, bird droppings, and other related areas.
Non-Infectious Causes of Conjunctivitis in Cats
Not all cases of conjunctivitis in cats are caused by infections. Environmental irritants, allergens, and other physical agents can cause pink eye in cats.
Allergens and Irritations
When talking about non-infectious cases of pink eye in cats, allergies take the top spot. Cats can develop allergies to common allergens such as pollen, dust, mold, and several chemicals. These allergens can irritate the eyes, leading to redness, itching, and discharge.
Additionally, chronic exposure to smoke, strong chemicals, or airborne particles can irritate your cat’s eyes, causing conjunctivitis. Cats in environments with these chemicals will be placed at a higher risk.
Eye Trauma or Injury
Scratches, bumps, and other injuries to your cat’s eyes can cause the conjunctiva to become inflamed and irritated. When this happens, the eyes can be open to infections and other problems. This can be common with cats who have an active lifestyle outside.
Health Issues
Certain systemic conditions, such as autoimmune diseases, can manifest as or cause conjunctivitis in cats. Other conditions include dry eye, ulcers, uveitis, and glaucoma.
What are the Symptoms of Conjunctivitis in Cats?
The most noticeable symptom of conjunctivitis is the presence of redness and swelling of the eyes, which is why it’s commonly referred to as pink eye in cats. Here are the common symptoms of conjunctivitis in cats:
Redness and Swelling
Your cat’s eyes may appear bloodshot, and the tissue around the eyes might look puffy, swollen, or irritated. This inflammation is the most common symptom of conjunctivitis in cats and is often the first sign cat owners notice.
Discharge from the Eyes
Eye discharge is a common symptom and can vary in appearance. It might be watery and clear in mild cases or thick and yellow/green in bacterial or more severe infections. Discharge may cause crusting around the eyes, especially after sleep.
Increased Eye Sensitivity
Cats with conjunctivitis often squint or blink more than usual because of irritation or sensitivity. In severe cases, they may keep their eyes closed entirely.
Additionally, the cat’s eyes will be overly sensitive to light. This is known known as photophobia. It usually stems from the inflammation caused to the eyes. You’ll notice these signs when your cat starts to avoid areas where the sun is shining or rooms where the light is the brightest.
Rubbing or Pawing at the Eyes
Conjunctivitis causes discomfort, and cats may instinctively rub their eyes with their paws or on furniture. While this behavior may temporarily relieve irritation, it can also worsen the inflammation or lead to secondary infections when injuries occur.
Third Eyelid Protrusion
The third eyelid, or nictitating membrane, may become more visible in cats with conjunctivitis. It may partially cover the eye or appear swollen, which is a clear sign that veterinary attention is needed.
How to Diagnose Conjunctivitis in Cats?
Diagnosing conjunctivitis in cats involves much more than identifying the signature symptoms of redness and swelling. Here’s a guide on the tests involved in the process:
Eye Examination
Using specialized light or magnification tools, our experts will thoroughly inspect your cat’s eyes. We’ll focus on any signs of damage, inflammation, and foreign objects. These might give us clues as to what your cat is experiencing.
Swabs and Samples
If an infection is suspected, we will collect a small sample of discharge or conjunctival cells for analysis. This can help identify whether bacteria, viruses, or fungi are the cause. For bacterial or viral cases, specific pathogens such as Chlamydia felis or feline herpesvirus may be detected using these samples.
Fluorescein Staining
This test involves applying a fluorescent dye to the surface of the eye. It helps detect scratches, ulcers, or other injuries to the cornea, which could contribute to the symptoms. The dye is harmless and easily rinsed away after the examination.
Schirmer Tear Test
This test measures tear production to ensure your cat’s eyes are producing enough tears. Reduced tear production can lead to eye irritation and dry eyes, which can be the cause of your cat’s pink eye.
Allergy or Environmental Assessments
If infectious causes are ruled out, we may explore allergies or environmental factors as potential culprits. Recommendations and adjustments to your cat’s environment will be discussed in this step.
How to Treat Conjunctivitis in Cats?
Once conjunctivitis has been diagnosed in your cat, we’ll proceed to treatment. Because of the variety of causes, each will have a different.
Medical Treatments
If a bacterial infection is the culprit, we’ll most likely prescribe antibiotic medications in the form of drops or ointments. These are applied directly to the eye to combat the infection and reduce inflammation.
Dealing with viral infections can be quite tricky as these can’t be completely cured. The process will mostly involve management techniques to make your cat’s life easier and more comfortable. However, antiviral medications can also be used in specific situations.
Additionally, supplementary medications such as corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs will be used to alleviate discomfort and reduce the swelling your cat feels. Your cat’s allergies will be managed in order to reduce the allergic reaction.
Artificial tear drops can help keep the eyes moist and prevent further discomfort for cats with dry or irritated eyes. These are especially useful for non-infectious cases of conjunctivitis.
How to Prevent Conjunctivitis in Cats?
Preventing conjunctivitis in cats is often easier than treating it. Here are the steps you can take:
Schedule Regular Checkups
Routine vet visits are essential for catching potential health issues early, including conjunctivitis. Our pet ophthalmologists can monitor your cat’s overall eye health, administer vaccinations, and detect any early signs of eye problems before they worsen.
Keep Vaccinations Up to Date
Vaccinating your cat against common infectious diseases, such as feline herpesvirus and feline calicivirus, is one of the most effective ways to reduce the risk of conjunctivitis. These vaccines are typically included in your cat’s core vaccinations.
Practice Good Hygiene
A clean home can help avoid eye infections in cats. Regularly clean your cat’s bedding, food and water bowls, and litter box. You should also regularly clean the areas where your cat frequents.
Additionally, you should also regularly groom your cat. Using a vet-approved shampoo should do the trick. If you need help, professional grooming services can help clean your cat from head to paw.
If your cat has known allergies, make sure to work with our pet allergists to identify triggers and manage their symptoms. Whether the cause is pollen, dust, or food, addressing allergies early can prevent eye irritation from escalating into conjunctivitis.
Conclusion
Conjunctivitis in cats is a common eye problem that can cause significant pain and discomfort. While the issue can be managed and treated, it’s always important to take steps to prevent anything from getting in the way of your cat’s health and happiness.