Ringworm, also known as dermatophytosis, is a highly contagious fungal infection of the skin. Despite its name, this condition has nothing to do with worms.
Key Takeaways
Ringworm in dogs spreads through direct contact with infected animals and contaminated environments.
Circular patches of hair loss, scaly skin, and skin inflammation are common symptoms.
Treatment involves oral and topical medications, grooming with medicated shampoos, and home sanitization.
Aside from the skin, it also affects the hair and nails of affected dogs. Ringworm is zoonotic, meaning it can spread from your dog to you and other humans.
The main species responsible for this disease is Microsporum canis. However, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum gypseum are also potential causative agents.
Dermatophyte Species | Prevalence in Dogs |
|---|---|
Microsporum canis | ~70% |
Microsporum gypseum | ~20% |
Trichophyton mentagrophytes | ~10% |
How do dogs get a ringworm infection?
Dogs can get ringworm by coming into contact with infected animals and contaminated environments. A common example is dogs playing together, where they may touch each other's skin and fur.
Fungal spores can also survive for up to 18 months in the environment, usually in soil and even on contaminated objects such as bedding and carpets. Transmission occurs through these surfaces, and environmental contamination is a major source of spread.
Dogs at risk
Any dog can get ringworm, but puppies, seniors, and dogs with compromised immune systems are at a higher risk. Additionally, some breeds, such as Yorkshire Terriers and Boston Terriers, are more prone due to their sensitive, delicate skin barrier.
Additionally, dogs and other pets that frequently visit unclean boarding facilities and daycares are also at risk. Humid climates and underlying skin conditions may also contribute to an infected dog.
How do you tell if a dog has ringworm?
The clearest sign our veterinarians observe is circular patches of hair loss on the face, ears, paws, tail, and body. Some dogs may have clear clinical signs, while others may have ringworm without showing obvious symptoms.
Itching or scratching
Poor coat quality
Scaly, scabby, or crusty skin
Skin lesions that may look gray
Dull or brittle coat
Skin inflammation and redness
Brittle or rough nails
How to diagnose ringworm in dogs?
Our veterinarians use a combination of specialized methods, including Wood’s lamp examination, microscopic hair examination, fungal culture, and PCR testing. Here’s a quick overview of each method:
Wood’s Lamp Examination: We shine a special UV light on the affected area in a dark room. In some infections, a chemical reaction causes certain fungi to glow a bright apple-green.
Microscopic Hair Examination: Our vets may perform a trichogram by collecting hair strands from the edges of the ringworm lesion and examining the hair shafts under the microscope for spores.
Fungal Culture: Skin scales, hair samples, and skin scrapings may be used to establish a culture. This is the most accurate way to confirm ringworm in dogs, even though results can take up to 3 weeks.
PCR Testing: Fungal DNA from the sample will be amplified, allowing the test to accurately determine the species.
How do vets treat ringworm in dogs?
Our treatment plan for dogs with ringworm often combines topical therapy with oral medications. Oral antifungal medications such as itraconazole or terbinafine are essential for inhibiting the reproduction of the ringworm fungus.
To eliminate fungi from the skin’s surface, our vets may prescribe antifungal creams or ointments as part of topical therapy for the infected areas.
Treatment also requires you to bathe your dog with medicated shampoos and sanitize the home to remove ringworm spores. Focus on deep-cleaning carpets, toys, bedding, and surfaces your dog comes into contact with.
The treatment process takes a minimum of 6 weeks, with severe cases extending to several months. Continue with the medication schedule as advised by our vets.
Preventive tips
To keep your dog safe from ringworm, our veterinarians recommend:
Keeping your dog away from stray or infected animals
Avoiding damp and moist areas
Maintaining a nutritious diet
Grooming your dog regularly
Cleaning the home weekly
Scheduling wellness exams at the clinic
“When you protect your dog’s skin, you protect their comfort, their happiness, and their smile.”
- Dr. Lidija Krvavac
Even though ringworm in dogs is not fatal, it can affect their overall health and well-being. Prevention is always the best option when it comes to the happiness of our best friends.
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