When we think of strokes, we often associate them with humans. But did you know that dogs can have strokes, too? While strokes in dogs are less common than in people, they can happen suddenly.

Dogs can have strokes when the blood flow to their brain is disrupted. A blockage or a ruptured blood vessel can cause this. The lack of blood supply can cause neurological symptoms, such as sudden loss of balance, lethargy, or difficulty walking. While strokes can be alarming, the good news is that many dogs recover well with proper treatment and care.

With that said, let’s know more about strokes in dogs, and what causes them.

Types of Strokes in Dogs

Two main types of strokes exist in dogs, both of which can cause serious health issues:

1. Ischemic Stroke

An ischemic stroke in dogs happens when a blood clot or other obstruction blocks the blood flow to the brain. This is the most common type of stroke in dogs. Ischemic strokes happen suddenly, which means pet owners may see quick changes in their dog's behavior or movement. 

The blockage may be caused by:

• Blood clots.

• Tumors pressing on blood vessels.

• High blood pressure.

• Heart disease.

• Kidney disease.

2. Hemorrhagic Stroke

A hemorrhagic stroke in dogs happens when a blood vessel in the dog’s brain bursts, causing internal bleeding. This type of stroke in dogs is usually more severe than ischemic strokes. The bleeding from this type can press on the brain and make symptoms worse. 

This can happen because of:

• Head trauma.

• High blood pressure.

• Blood clotting disorders.

• Ruptured tumors on the brain.

What Causes Strokes in Dogs?

Strokes in dogs don’t happen randomly. They are usually linked to an existing health condition that negatively impacts blood flow to the brain. While strokes in dogs can happen to any pup, certain risk factors may increase the likelihood of it happening.

Here are the causes of stroke in dogs:

• Heart Disease. Congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and heartworm disease can increase the risk of clot formation. This can result in an ischemic stroke in dogs.

  
  

• Kidney Disease. When a dog has kidney disease, their blood pressure can become dangerously high. This leads to an increased risk of a ruptured blood vessel in the dog’s brain. Poor kidney function also leads to imbalances in electrolytes and blood flow, making strokes more likely.
  
  

• Hypothyroidism. An underactive thyroid, or hypothyroidism, slows down metabolism and can contribute to poor circulation, high cholesterol, and vascular issues. These factors can increase the dog’s risk of blood clots, which may lead to an ischemic stroke if they travel to the brain.
  
  

• Diabetes. Diabetes in dogs affects how their body controls sugar and metabolism. It also impacts circulation and the health of blood vessels. Over time, diabetes can harm the blood vessels.
  
  

• Brain Tumors. Tumors in or near the brain can compress blood vessels, disrupt blood flow, and even cause bleeding, leading to a stroke. Some brain tumors grow slowly and cause gradual neurological symptoms, while others can cause sudden issues if they rupture.
  
  

• High Blood Pressure. Chronic high blood pressure is one of the leading risk factors for hemorrhagic strokes in dogs. When blood pressure remains elevated for too long, it stresses blood vessels and increases their likelihood of rupturing. 
  
  

• Head Trauma. A severe head injury can cause internal bleeding in the brain, causing a hemorrhagic stroke. Falls, car accidents, or rough play can cause damage to blood vessels. This damage may lead to a stroke right away or later as swelling increases.
  
  

• Cushing’s Disease. Cushing’s disease is a hormonal disorder that results in too much cortisol production. Because of this, high blood pressure, blood clot formation, and vascular problems arise.
  
  

• Clotting Disorders. Some dogs suffer from inherited or acquired clotting disorders, meaning their blood doesn’t clot properly. In some cases, this can cause uncontrolled bleeding in the brain. Additionally, it may lead to abnormal blood clots that block blood flow to the brain. 
  
  

• Toxicity. Exposure to some toxins, like rat poison, can cause serious bleeding problems. This raises the risk of hemorrhagic strokes. Certain medications can also increase stroke risk in dogs by affecting blood pressure and circulation.
  
  

• Old Age. Older dogs are more likely to have strokes. This is because of health issues that come with age, like heart disease, kidney disease, and high blood pressure. 
  
  

• Breed Predisposition. Some dog breeds are more likely to have strokes. This is because of genetic factors that affect their blood pressure, clotting ability, or overall blood vessel health. These include breeds such as Greyhounds, Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, and Miniature Schnauzers.

What are the Signs of Strokes in Dogs?

A stroke can happen suddenly, and the symptoms may appear out of nowhere. The faster you notice the signs, the better the chances of minimizing damage and improving recovery.

Here are the common signs of a stroke in dogs:

• Loss of Balance or Coordination. Dogs having a stroke may suddenly become wobbly, stumble, or even collapse. They might struggle to stand up or walk in a straight line, appearing confused or unsteady.
  
  

• Head Tilt. A persistent head tilt to one side is a classic sign of a stroke. Your dog may seem unable to hold their head level and might struggle to keep their balance.
  
  

• Circling or Pacing. If your dog walks in circles a lot or can't walk straight, it might have brain problems from a stroke. Some dogs also pace aimlessly, unable to control their movements.
  
  

• Abnormal Eye Movements. Rapid, uncontrolled eye movements can indicate a stroke. Some dogs may also have unequal pupil sizes or difficulty focusing.
  
  

• Weakness or Paralysis on One Side. A dog having a stroke may suddenly lose strength on one side of its body. This can make it drag a limb or have trouble moving. In severe cases, one side of the face or body may become completely paralyzed.
  
  

• Seizures. A stroke can trigger seizures, especially if there is significant brain damage. These seizures may involve uncontrolled shaking, twitching, or loss of consciousness.
  
  

• Sudden Blindness. Dogs experiencing a stroke may lose vision in one or both eyes. If your dog is bumping into furniture or seems disoriented, they may have suffered vision loss due to reduced blood flow to their brain.
  
  

• Behavioral Changes. A stroke can cause sudden confusion, disorientation, or unresponsiveness. Some dogs may seem withdrawn, act fearful, or fail to recognize familiar people or surroundings. Others may have difficulty responding to commands they previously understood.

How are Dog Strokes Diagnosed?

Diagnosing a stroke in dogs can be difficult. The symptoms are similar to other brain problems, like seizures or tumors. Here are the methods we use to diagnose stroke in dogs:

• Vet Exam. The process starts with a thorough physical and neurological examination. We will assess your dog’s reflexes, coordination, and muscle strength to look for signs of neurological dysfunction. Any significant symptoms will be noted down.
  
  

• Blood Tests and Urinalysis. Through lab tests, our vets will check for high blood pressure, diabetes, kidney disease, or blood clotting disorders. We can achieve this with a few blood tests. A urinalysis may also be done. This test checks for infections, toxins, or kidney problems that might have caused the stroke.
  
  

• Advanced Imaging Tests. We often recommend advanced imaging techniques like MRIs or CT scans. These can identify areas of tissue damage, blood clots, or bleeding. An MRI is the gold standard for stroke diagnosis as it offers the most precise view of the brain.
  
  

• Other Tests. Along with these techniques, other tests, such as blood pressure testing and blood clotting analyses, can help diagnose strokes in dogs.

What are the Treatment Options for Dog Strokes?

Treating a stroke in dogs focuses on stabilization and management. We'll address the underlying issue while helping your dog improve its quality of life.

Dogs who have experienced a stroke will need emergency care and hospitalization. During this time, we will constantly monitor them and provide supportive care to help stabilize their condition. Oxygen therapy will be given if breathing is hard. Intravenous fluids will help keep your dog hydrated and support blood flow.

Your dog may receive medication based on the cause of their stroke. This can help lower the risk of more problems. These can include anti-inflammatory drugs, anti-clotting medicines, and other medications suited to treat the underlying cause.

Additionally, physical therapy helps improve strength, coordination, and mobility. Simple exercises like assisted walking, balance training, and hydrotherapy can help a dog regain movement.

Recovery after a stroke varies from dog to dog, depending on its condition and how quickly treatment began. Some dogs recover within a few weeks, while others may need long-term care and rehabilitation.

How to Reduce the Risk of Strokes in Dogs?

Not all strokes can be prevented, but we can lower the risk. We do this by keeping your dog healthy and managing the associated conditions. Here are some simple ways to help protect your dog from a stroke:

Here are some simple ways to help protect your dog from a stroke:

• Vet Checkups. Routine vet visits help catch health problems early. Conditions like high blood pressure, heart disease, and diabetes can all be checked for. Regular blood tests, blood pressure checks, and overall health monitoring can make a big difference.
  
  

• Feed a Healthy Diet. A balanced diet helps support heart and brain health. Choose lean proteins for muscle development and heart function. Avoid high-sodium and processed foods as these can lead to weight issues and health problems.
  
  

• Keep Your Dog Active. Regular exercise helps your dog maintain a good weight, regulate its blood pressure, and improve circulation. Daily walks, light play, or swimming can keep your dog’s heart and body strong. Adjust the activity level based on their age and condition.

A stroke can strike a dog without warning, but with love, swift action, and proper care, recovery is possible. 

- Dr. Soheyl Simaei

FAQs About Strokes in Dogs

1. Can dogs recover from strokes?

Generally, a dog’s recovery from strokes will depend on the severity. Some dogs may experience a full recovery, while others may have residual neurological deficits. 

2. What are the common signs of a stroke in dogs?

Signs of a stroke in dogs can include sudden loss of balance, head tilting, walking in circles, weakness, and seizures.

3. Are strokes life-threatening for dogs?

Strokes in dogs can be serious and potentially life-threatening, depending on the severity and underlying cause.

Conclusion

Strokes in dogs are caused by a lot of health issues, like high blood pressure, head injury, and clotting disorders. You might notice a few signs related to the underlying health issue. Specific symptoms can include loss of coordination, circling, and seizures.

While these can’t always be prevented, you can help by being informed and proactive. It gives your dog the best shot at a long, healthy, and happy life. It just takes a few steps.