Mange in dogs is essentially a skin disease caused by the mites that infest the skin. This leads to irritation, hair loss, itching, and many more symptoms. Dogs of all breeds are affected, especially the vulnerable ones. 

To help you know more, we’ll talk about mange in dogs, from the types to how it’s prevented. 

What Are the Types of Mange in Dogs?

There are several types of mange in dogs, depending on the mite that causes the disease. 

Sarcoptic Mange

Sarcoptic mange is caused by microscopic mites called Sarcoptes scabiei. These mites are highly contagious and can easily burrow into a dog's skin. They usually spread through direct contact and can also spread to humans.

For instance, your dog can easily pick up these mites at a park or boarding facility. Indirect transmission is also possible. Dog mites can survive for short periods on surfaces like bedding, collars, or grooming tools.

Symptoms of Sarcoptic Mange

• Severe Itching and Scratching. Itching begins suddenly and intensifies as the infestation grows. This itching is particularly severe around the ears, belly, elbows, and armpits, as these are the mites' favorite areas.

• Red, Inflamed Skin. The mites burrow into the skin, making dogs scratch it. This leads to redness, inflammation, and swelling. 

• Hair Loss. Too much scratching leads to noticeable patches of hair loss. This is common in the ears, neck, and base of the tail. 

• Lesions and Crusts. The skin thickens and develops a crusty appearance with lesions as the disease progresses. 

Demodectic Mange

Demodex canis mites naturally live on a dog’s skin and hair follicles. However, in dogs with compromised immune systems, they can cause serious damage and discomfort. 

Fortunately, demodectic mange is not contagious. While mild cases may resolve independently, more severe cases can lead to secondary bacterial infections that require treatment. Demodex mites are usually passed from mother dogs to their puppies shortly after birth.

Symptoms of Demodectic Mange

• Localized Hair Loss. One of the first signs of demodectic mange in dogs is the presence of round patches of hair loss. 

• Scaly, Flaky Skin. The areas with hair loss often develop dry, flaky skin. This scaly appearance can spread to other parts of the body if the canine mange worsens.

• Red or Inflamed Skin. In advanced and chronic cases, the skin can get red and inflamed. This is why severe demodectic mange is often referred to as "red mange."

• Secondary Infections. Damaged skin can easily make way for secondary infections, resulting in pus-filled areas and a foul odor.

Cheyletiellosis Mange

Cheyletiellosis mange, otherwise known as “walking dandruff,” is caused by Cheyletiella mites. The name comes from the characteristic white specks these dog mites create as they move across the skin. 

These mites are less common than the other types, but they are highly contagious. They can also spread to humans. Cheyletiella mites live on the surface of the skin rather than burrowing, which makes them easier to spot as they resemble moving flakes of dandruff.

Symptoms of Cheyletiellosis Mange

• Excessive Dandruff. The most obvious sign is the appearance of large, white flakes of dandruff on the dog’s coat. These flakes may cluster around the back, shoulders, or neck.

• Itching. Affected dogs can experience mild to severe itching.

• Visible Mites. In some cases, you can see the mites themselves moving on the skin’s surface. These dog mites are larger than other mange-causing species, making them easier to spot during a close inspection.

• Skin Changes. Some can develop red lesions, small bumps, and crusts.

Otodectic Mange

Otodectic mange in dogs, caused by Otodectes cynotis mites, is a type that affects the ears. The mites that cause this disease are often called ear mites, feeding on the dog’s earwax and oils in the ear canals. 

This type of mange in dogs is highly contagious. The parasites usually spread through direct contact with an infected pet. Puppies are particularly vulnerable, especially since they can potentially contract these mites from their mother. 

Symptoms of Ear Mites

• Intense Scratching of the Ears. Dogs with ear mites frequently scratch at their ears or rub their heads against furniture and walls. 

• Shaking of the Head. Affected dogs may frequently or vigorously shake their heads as a way to remove the mites and alleviate discomfort. 

• Dark, Waxy Discharge. The ear canal often contains a dark, crumbly discharge resembling coffee grounds. This is a mix of wax, mite debris, and inflammatory material.

• Skin Changes. The inner ear may appear red and inflamed. In severe cases, scabs or crusts can develop around the ear openings.

How Long Does Mange Last on Dogs?

Mild or localized canine mange lasts about 4 to 8 weeks, with proper treatment. In severe cases of sarcoptic mange or generalized mange, this could take several months even with consistent treatment.