Mange is a skin condition caused by mites that infest a dog’s skin, causing irritation, itching, and hair loss. It can affect any type of dog breed, but those with weakened immune systems, such as puppies, seniors, and dogs with certain health issues, will suffer the most. 

To help you know more, we’ll talk about mange in dogs, from the types to how it’s prevented. 

What are the Common Types of Mange in Dogs?

Canine mange comes in many forms, with sarcoptic and demodectic being the two common ones. 

Sarcoptic Mange

Sarcoptic mange is caused by microscopic mites called Sarcoptes scabiei. These mites are highly contagious, easily burrowing into a dog's skin. They usually spread through direct contact and can also spread to humans.

For instance, your dog can easily pick up these mites at a park or boarding facility. Indirect transmission is also possible. Dog mites can survive for short periods on surfaces like bedding, collars, or grooming tools.

Symptoms of Sarcoptic Mange

• Severe Itching and Scratching. Itching begins suddenly and intensifies as the infestation grows. This itching is particularly severe around the ears, belly, elbows, and armpits, as these are the mites' favorite areas.

• Red, Inflamed Skin. The burrowing mites and persistent scratching can lead to redness and inflammation. This can also lead to swelling and open sores, which can be prone to skin infections.

• Hair Loss. Due to excessive scratching, dogs often develop noticeable patches of hair loss. These are commonly found on the ears, neck, and base of the tail. 

• Crusting and Scaling. As the infestation progresses, the skin can become thick and develop a crusty appearance. Scabs and flaky skin are common as well.

• Discomfort. Dogs with sarcoptic mange often appear restless or stressed due to the constant discomfort. This can affect their routines. 

Demodectic Mange

Demodex canis mites naturally live on a dog’s skin and hair follicles. However, in dogs with compromised immune systems, they can cause serious damage and discomfort. 

Fortunately, demodectic mange is not contagious. While mild cases may resolve independently, more severe cases can lead to secondary bacterial infections that require treatment. Demodex mites are usually passed from mother dogs to their puppies shortly after birth.

Symptoms of Demodectic Mange

• Localized Hair Loss. One of the first signs of demodectic mange in dogs is the presence of round patches of hair loss. These patches often appear on the face, mouth, and muzzle. 

• Scaly, Flaky Skin. The areas with hair loss often develop dry, flaky skin. This scaly appearance can spread to other parts of the body if the canine mange worsens.

• Red or Inflamed Skin. In more advanced cases, the skin becomes red and irritated, sometimes swollen or shiny in appearance. This is why severe demodectic mange is often referred to as "red mange."

• Secondary Infections. Damaged skin can easily make way for secondary infections, resulting in pus-filled areas and a foul odor.

Cheyletiellosis Mange

Cheyletiellosis mange, otherwise known as “walking dandruff,” is caused by Cheyletiella mites. The name comes from the characteristic white specks these dog mites create as they move across the skin. 

Although less common, it can occur in dogs of any age or breed and is highly contagious, spreading to other pets and even humans.

Cheyletiella mites live on the surface of the skin rather than burrowing, which makes them easier to spot as they resemble moving flakes of dandruff.

Symptoms of Cheyletiellosis Mange

• Excessive Dandruff. The most obvious sign is the appearance of large, white flakes of dandruff on the dog’s coat. These flakes may cluster around the back, shoulders, or neck.

• Itching. Dogs with Cheyletiella mites can be seen scratching or itching at times. 

• Visible Mites. In some cases, you can see the mites themselves moving on the skin’s surface. These dog mites are larger than other mange-causing species, making them easier to spot during a close inspection.

• Redness and Inflammation. The areas affected by these mites can appear red and inflamed, a clear sign of irritation. 

Otodectic Mange

Otodectic mange, caused by Otodectes cynotis mites, primarily affects the ears. These mites, often called ear mites, feed on the wax and oils inside a dog’s ear canal, causing discomfort and inflammation as they go.

They usually spread through direct contact with an infected pet. Puppies are particularly vulnerable, especially since they can potentially contract these mites from their mother. 

Symptoms of Ear Mites

• Intense Scratching of the Ears. Dogs with ear mites frequently scratch at their ears or rub their heads against furniture and walls. 

• Shaking of the Head. Frequent and vigorous head shaking is another common sign as dogs try to dislodge the mites or alleviate the discomfort.

• Dark, Waxy Discharge. The ear canal often contains a dark, crumbly discharge resembling coffee grounds. This is a mix of wax, mite debris, and inflammatory material.

• Redness and Swelling. The inner ear may appear red and inflamed. In severe cases, scabs or crusts can develop around the ear openings.