Diabetes in cats is more common than most owners realize, and it’s slowly rising. It’s a condition characterized by increased blood sugar levels. While it may seem simple, it’s much more complicated. 

This metabolic disorder creates a lot of problems, from simple weight loss to complex issues such as cataracts. 

To help you better understand it, we’ll talk more about cats and diabetes.

Can Cats Get Diabetes?

Yes, cats can get diabetes, and it’s considered a common concern that pet owners should look out for. Normally, the cat’s pancreas produces a hormone called insulin. This hormone allows glucose to move from the bloodstream to the body’s cells for energy. 

In cats with diabetes, their bodies either don’t produce enough insulin or can’t make proper use of it. When this happens, the sugar builds up in the bloodstream. Since they cannot use the sugar for energy, the body will then break down fats and muscle for energy. 

Just like in humans, cats can experience two different types of diabetes. 

• Type 1 Diabetes. This type happens when the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin. It’s relatively rare in cats, with more cases in dogs. 

• Type 2 Diabetes. Here, the cat’s body stops responding to the insulin it receives. This is the most common type in cats. 

• Type 3 Diabetes. While uncommon, cats can develop type 3 from other conditions that cause insulin resistance or pancreatic damage.

How Do Cats Become Diabetic​?

Cats can develop diabetes from a variety of factors, many of which are preventable. In some cases, the causes are completely unavoidable. Here are the common risk factors: 

Diet and Obesity

Obese cats are at a higher risk of diabetes. Excess body fat interferes with how the body uses insulin, essentially creating a resistance to it. When blood sugar inevitably rises, the pancreas gets strained, impairing insulin production. 

Obese and overweight cats are more likely to develop diabetes than those at a healthy weight, especially if their diet is high in carbohydrates.

Age

Older cats and seniors are generally more vulnerable to diseases, including diabetes. These are cats that are usually around 7 years of age and older. This is because as a cat ages, its metabolism slows down, and the risk increases. Plus, the pancreas will also have a decline in insulin production. 

Gender

Male cats, particularly neutered males, have a slightly higher risk of developing diabetes than females. This is thought to be related to hormonal differences that influence insulin sensitivity and fat distribution.

Breed Predisposition

Diabetes and cats have a polygenic relationship. This means that this metabolic disorder is contributed to by multiple genes, which suggests a genetic factor. Common breeds that have a greater risk of feline diabetes include:

• Burmese

• Siamese

• Norwegian Forest Cats

• Russian Blues

• Tonkinese

However, it’s important to keep in mind that even though some breeds carry a higher risk, diabetes can still affect any kind of cat. 

Pancreatitis

The acute and chronic inflammation of the pancreas damages the insulin-producing beta cells. This will result in decreased insulin production, which means an increased risk of diabetes. Plus, pancreatitis can also lead to a deficiency in digestive enzymes, which can worsen the condition. 

Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism is a condition characterized by an overactive thyroid gland, which means that there is an overproduction of thyroid hormones. The excess hormones contribute to insulin resistance, triggering feline diabetes. 

For cats with pre-existing diabetes, hyperthyroidism can only make the condition worse. 

Medications

Certain medications, such as corticosteroids and progestins, can increase the risk of feline diabetes. It does this by contributing to insulin resistance. While these drugs are helpful for managing conditions such as cat asthma, they can be dangerous with long-term use.

What Are the Common Signs of Diabetes in Cats?

Knowing the signs is the first step to helping your cat. Here are the common ones:  

• Increased Thirst. One of the most noticeable signs of diabetes in cats is their thirst. Diabetic cats tend to spend more time in their water bowls or even seek out other sources of water to quench their thirst. Because of their elevated sugar levels, the kidneys tend to work harder.

• Frequent Urination. With increased water intake comes more frequent urination. It’s a symptom that’s usually paired with increased thirst. You can notice this when your cat starts to use its litter box more often, which will require you to clean it more frequently. 

• Changes in Appetite. Diabetic cats often develop an increased appetite due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose. However, even with the increase in food intake, cats may still feel hungry. In some cases, cats will have a reduced appetite. 

• Weight Loss. Even with a bigger appetite, diabetic cats still lose weight. It’s often due to their body’s inability to process glucose, which then leads to burning fat and muscle instead. 

• Lethargy and Weakness. Cats with diabetes may appear less energetic and more sluggish than usual. They may sleep more, show less interest in playing, or seem weak when moving around. 

• Poor Coat Quality. Diabetic cats tend to have a dull, dry coat or appear less groomed overall. Dehydration, stress, and discomfort are factors that can make them want to groom less. 

• Vomiting or Diarrhea. Cats with uncontrolled diabetes might vomit and have diarrhea, especially if they develop complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis. Chronic cases can lead to dehydration.

Common Complications in Cats With Diabetes

Other than the general symptoms, feline diabetes can lead to some complex health issues. Here are the common ones: 

1. Diabetic Ketoacidosis

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a highly fatal complication that arises from diabetes. It happens when the body rapidly breaks down fat because it’s unable to use glucose. As a result, ketones will be produced. This results in vomiting, dehydration, and collapse. 

2. Cataracts

Although rare, diabetes can contribute to the buildup of sorbitol in the lens of cats. This attracts water and results in the cloudy appearance that cataracts are known for.  

3. Diabetic Neuropathy

Long-term high blood sugar damages the small blood vessels of the nerves, leading to nerve damage. This condition results in muscle atrophy, hind limb weakness, and an unsteady gait. 

4. Urinary Tract Infections

High blood sugar levels create suitable environments for bacteria to grow in. Since excess glucose is present in the urinary tract, bacteria are more likely to grow, resulting in urinary tract infections.