A dog’s ears are a powerful tool that helps them navigate through their surroundings and explore. When these ears experience issues, their everyday routines will be affected. One of the many problems is an ear infection.

Ear infections in dogs escalate quickly, with several causes and risk factors. If the infection is left untreated, it gets worse and can spread to other areas of the dog’s body. But first, let’s learn more about what these are. 

What Causes Ear Infections in Dogs?

There are plenty of factors when it comes to this issue. Below are the most common causes of dog ear infections:

Bacterial Infections

Bacteria are one of the primary reasons for ear infections in dogs. When the moisture accumulates in the ears, the space becomes an ideal environment for bacteria to grow and multiply.

It’s a common occurrence for outdoor and active dogs, especially those who love to swim without getting dried up properly. 

Aside from moisture, several health conditions can also increase the risk of bacterial ear infections in dogs. These diseases typically weaken the immune system, making affected dogs susceptible to infections.

Yeast Infections

Similar to bacteria, fungal infections can also take advantage of the moist environment within the dog’s ears. Other triggers to yeast infections can also include allergies, certain medications, and ear shape. 

Ear Mites

Ear mites are small parasites that stay in a dog’s ear canal, causing irritation and inflammation. These parasites can easily spread between animals, which makes them a risk to any dog’s health.

These parasites can easily spread between animals, especially in multi-pet households. Dogs with ear mites typically scratch their ears vigorously and may have a dark, crumbly discharge that resembles coffee grounds.

Allergies

Allergies, either from food, fleas, or environmental allergens, can trigger ear infections. From the inflammation they cause, bacteria and fungi can easily invade. 

Additionally, dogs with allergies tend to excessively scratch and rub their ears, which can potentially lead to wounds and further irritation.

Injuries and Foreign Bodies

Injuries and accidents from foreign bodies can open up the skin’s ears and create opportunities for infections to arise. These open wounds can also invite parasites, which then lead to ear infections. 

Are Some Dogs More Prone to Ear Infections?

Yes, some breeds are considerably more prone to canine ear infections than others, mainly due to their coat and ear structure. These include:

• Cocker Spaniels. Cocker Spaniels have long and floppy ears that can easily trap moisture, increasing their risk of ear infections. 

• Basset Hounds. These dogs have large, floppy ears that can easily trap moisture and debris, which creates a suitable space for microbial growth. 

• Poodles. Poodles have floppy ears and excess hair in the ear canal, which can easily accumulate dirt, debris, and moisture. 

• Labrador Retriever. Labs love to play in water, which makes it easy for moisture to accumulate in their deep ear canals. 

What are the Types of Dog Ear Infections?

Ear infections in dogs are classified depending on where the infection is located. Here are the types:

1. Otitis Externa

Otitis externa, or an infection in the outer ear, is the most common type of ear infection in dogs. This type affects the outer ear canal of dogs, usually caused by bacteria and fungi. 

This is due to the moisture trapped within this section of the ear, increasing the risk of microbial growth. Other common culprits include ear mites, allergens, and foreign objects. 

2. Otitis Media

When otitis externa is left untreated, the problem can potentially worsen, leading to otitis media, an infection of the middle ear. It can be caused by the spread of infection, damage from foreign bodies, or a ruptured eardrum.

An infection in the dog’s middle ear can present severe symptoms and health issues that should be addressed. 

3. Otitis Interna

The most serious type of canine ear infection is otitis interna, which affects the inner ear. Otitis interna often stems from an untreated inner ear infection. It presents the most severe symptoms, especially since the inflammation impacts the vestibulocochlear nerve. 

How Do I Know if a Dog Has an Ear Infection?

Dogs and ear infections are a common occurrence, which can be highlighted by several signs and symptoms. These include: 

• Head Shaking. Frequent head shaking is a common sign of an ear infection. Dogs tend to shake their heads in the hopes of getting rid of the irritation and discomfort. You’ll notice this if they can be visibly uncomfortable as well. 

• Scratching and Pawing. One of the clearest signs of a canine ear infection is persistent and excessive scratching at the ears. You may see your dog trying to relieve their ears’ irritation by pawing at them, rubbing them against furniture, or dragging them against the floor. 

• Redness and Swelling. The constant inflammation and accompanying scratching can result in redness and swelling of the ear. In severe cases, the ears can look severely damaged from too much scratching. 

• Color and Odor. Normally, a dog’s earwax can be clear, brown, or pale yellow. In ear infections, these can have a dark green color for bacterial infections and a dark brown color for yeast infections. Red earwax also indicates bleeding. These can be accompanied by a foul smell. 

• Pain and Sensitivity. A dog can feel pain and sensitivity as the infection progresses. They might avoid your touch, hide in solitude, or appear visibly uncomfortable and distressed. 

• Balance Issues or Hearing Loss. In advanced cases, the infection may affect the inner ear, leading to balance problems or hearing loss. Dogs might have trouble walking, while some can frequently stumble and fall.