Ear infections in dogs escalate quickly, with several causes and risk factors. If the infection is left untreated, it gets worse and can spread to other areas of the dog’s body. But first, let’s learn more about what these are. 

In this guide, we’re going to go over everything you need to know about dog ear infections, from the main causes to how we can prevent them. 

What Causes Ear Infections in Dogs?

There are plenty of factors when it comes to this issue. Below are the most common causes of dog ear infections:

Bacterial Infections

Bacteria are among the primary causes of ear infections in dogs. When the moisture accumulates in the ears, the space becomes an ideal environment for bacteria to grow and multiply.

It’s a common occurrence among outdoor and active dogs, especially those who love to swim but don't dry out properly.

Yeast Infections

Similar to bacteria, fungal infections can also take advantage of the moist environment within the dog’s ears. When left unchecked, fungi can overgrow and lead to long-term inflammation and infection of the ear. 

Ear Mites

Ear mites are small parasites that stay in a dog’s ear canal, causing irritation and inflammation. These parasites can easily spread between animals, which makes them a risk to any dog’s health.

These parasites can easily spread between animals, especially in multi-pet households. Dogs with ear mites typically scratch their ears vigorously and may have a dark, crumbly discharge that resembles coffee grounds.

Allergies

Skin allergies in dogs, either from food, fleas, or environmental allergens, can trigger ear infections. From the inflammation they cause, bacteria and fungi can easily invade. Plus, dogs that frequently scratch their ears due to allergies can get wounds, which is a way infections come in. 

Injuries and Foreign Bodies

Injuries and accidents involving foreign bodies can open the skin’s pores and create opportunities for infections to arise. These open wounds can also invite parasites, which then lead to ear infections. 

Are Some Dogs More Prone to Ear Infections?

Yes, some dog breeds are more susceptible to ear infections than others, and it’s mostly because of their coat length and ear structure. 

• Cocker Spaniels. Cocker Spaniels have long and floppy ears that can easily trap moisture. Because of this, it's easier for bacteria and fungi to grow and thrive.

• Basset Hounds. These dogs have large, floppy ears that can easily trap moisture and debris, creating a suitable environment for microbial growth. 

• Poodles. Poodles have floppy ears and excess hair in the ear canal, which can easily accumulate dirt, debris, and moisture. 

• Labrador Retriever. Labs love to play in water. When they aren't dried properly, the moisture can accumulate deep in the ear canals. Again, moisture helps microbial growth.

What Are the Types of Dog Ear Infections?

There are three types of ear infections in dogs, namely Otitis externa, Otitis media, and Otitis interna. Here’s what you need to know about their differences. 

1. Otitis Externa

Otitis externa, or an infection in the outer ear, is the most common type of dog ear infection. This type affects the outer ear canal of dogs and is usually caused by bacteria and fungi. Otitis externa usually happens because of trapped moisture in this section of the ear.

2. Otitis Media

When otitis externa is left untreated, the problem can potentially worsen. Chronic ear infections in dogs can lead to otitis media, the infection of the middle ear. Aside from this, it can also be caused by foreign body damage or a ruptured eardrum. 

Because of the nature of the infection and the area infected, otitis media can present severe symptoms and concerns.

3. Otitis Interna

The most serious type of canine ear infection is otitis interna, which affects the inner ear. Otitis interna often stems from an untreated inner ear infection. It presents the most severe symptoms, especially since the inflammation impacts the vestibulocochlear nerve. 

Here, dogs can expect neurological symptoms that can affect their balance and behavior.

How Do I Know if a Dog Has an Ear Infection?

These symptoms usually indicate an ear infection in your dog. Common ones include: 

• Head Shaking. Frequent head shaking is a common sign of an ear infection. Dogs tend to shake their heads in the hopes of getting rid of the irritation and discomfort.

• Scratching and Pawing. One of the clearest signs of a canine ear infection is when they constantly scratch their ears. Your dog might try to use their paws, nearby furniture, or the floor itself to scratch the area.

• Redness and Swelling. Ear infections can cause inflammation and swelling, with cases getting more severe the more the dog scratches. 

• Color and Odor. Normally, a dog’s earwax can be clear, brown, or pale yellow. In ear infections, they can be dark green for bacterial infections and dark brown for yeast infections. Red earwax also indicates bleeding can be accompanied by a foul smell.

• Pain and Sensitivity. Some dogs may avoid your touch and appear withdrawn because of the pain they feel. 

• Balance Issues or Hearing Loss. In advanced cases, the infection may affect the inner ear, leading to balance problems or hearing loss. Dogs might have trouble walking, while some can frequently stumble and fall.