However, our cats' kidneys may experience a few problems, often without the most obvious of symptoms. When this happens, the consequences can be severe and life-altering. Kidney problems in cats are more common than most people think, so let's talk about them. 

In this guide, we'll explore the common types of kidney disease in cats and how they're diagnosed, treated, and prevented. 

What Are the Symptoms of Kidney Problems in Cats?

As the toxins build up, here are the signs you may expect to see.

• Increased Thirst and Urination. Cats with kidney disease may drink more water as the kidneys struggle to filter out waste. As a result, they may also urinate more frequently. 

• Weight Loss and Muscle Wasting. Kidney problems in cats may lead to weight loss and the breakdown of muscle for energy. 

• Loss of Appetite. Toxins that build up in the bloodstream can make cats feel nauseous, reducing appetite. 

• Lethargy. Affected cats may sleep more and feel less interested in physical activity. 

• Vomiting and Bad Breath. Waste products that accumulate in the body may lead to vomiting and cause a strong ammonia-like smell on the breath. 

• Poor Coat Quality. The coat may look dull as cats may not always groom themselves as they normally do. 

• Behavioral Shifts. Some can appear withdrawn, less vocal, and irritable. 

In advanced cases, there will be severe symptoms such as: 

• Severe Vomiting and Diarrhea. The extremely high levels of toxicity can cause severe gastrointestinal irritation, causing severe vomiting and diarrhea. 

• Seizures or Twitching. Excessive toxin buildup can affect the nervous system and disrupt brain activity. 

• Urinary Incontinence. As the kidney problem worsens, cats may lose control of their bladder.

• Inability to Walk. Extreme weakness and dehydration can impair muscle and nerve function. 

What Causes Kidney Problems in Cats?

There are several reasons why cats may experience kidney problems. These include: 

Aging

As cats get older, their kidney tissues deteriorate and wear down, losing efficiency. This natural decline may lead to chronic kidney disease. 

Infections

Bacterial and viral infections can damage kidney tissues and interfere with their ability to filter out waste. When left untreated, this can cause long-term kidney problems in cats. Examples are pyelonephritis and feline infectious peritonitis. 

Toxin Ingestion

Exposure to poisonous substances such as antifreeze, human medications, and even certain plants toxic to cats can severely damage the kidneys. 

Genetic Conditions

Some breeds, such as Persians, are more prone to polycystic kidney disease, a condition in which the fluid-filled cysts destroy kidney tissue.

Urinary Obstructions

Blockages and obstructions along the urinary tract may also cause urine to back up into the kidneys. This can damage kidney tissues and disrupt the organ’s ability to filter out waste. 

Secondary Causes

Other health issues may also lead to health problems in cats, including dental disease, high blood pressure, low blood pressure, and dehydration. 

What Are the Most Common Kidney Problems in Cats?

Kidney disease in cats doesn’t come in just one form. From age-related deterioration to genetic conditions or sudden injury, the disease can vary.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

A progressive, irreversible condition, often referred to as chronic kidney failure, in which kidney function declines over months or years. Often diagnosed in senior cats. Cats with CKD require lifelong support.

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

A sudden drop in kidney function due to toxins, blockages, trauma, or infection. Requires emergency care.

Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)

A genetic disorder common in Persians and Himalayans that causes fluid-filled cysts to form in the kidneys.

Glomerulonephritis

An inflammatory condition affecting the glomeruli, the filtering structures within the kidneys. Often linked to infections or immune dysfunction.

Renal Amyloidosis

A serious disease in which abnormal, insoluble proteins accumulate in the kidneys. These amyloids cause inflammation and progressive kidney failure. 

Renal Dysplasia

A congenital condition where one or both of the kidneys do not develop properly after birth. These may remain small, deformed, or dysfunctional. 

Pyelonephritis and Leptospirosis

Bacterial infections may cause acute damage. Leptospirosis is rare but possible in outdoor or feral cats.