Arthritis is a condition common with dogs, especially when they get older. The condition affects their joints, causing pain, stiffness, and difficulty moving. While arthritis is mostly linked with dogs of a significant age, younger ones can also get the condition through injuries, genetics, or other underlying health issues.

Signs of Arthritis in Dogs

Dog arthritis can be somewhat difficult to spot, especially if your dog is still young. Because most types are progressive, many of the symptoms happen gradually. However, being aware of the signs is a good way to help your dog get the medical attention it needs. Here are some of the most common signs of arthritis in dogs to look out for:

Stiffness and Limping

One of the earliest and most noticeable signs of arthritis is stiffness, particularly after periods of rest. Your dog may have difficulty getting up after lying down or show a pronounced limp, especially after exercise. These symptoms often improve as your dog "warms up" during movement but may worsen over time.

Difficulty Moving

Arthritis can make previously simple tasks challenging. Your dog might have visible difficulty moving to its usual spots, whether it’s walking to the porch or jumping on the couch. In severe cases, your dog will prefer to avoid any playtime or walks to avoid the pain and discomfort.

Behavioral Changes

Pain and discomfort can lead to noticeable changes in your dog’s behavior. Once they experience the symptoms, they may become less playful or active, preferring to rest more than usual. Some dogs may show signs of irritability or even aggression, especially if the affected joints are touched or handled.

Swelling and Muscle Loss

You might notice swelling around your dog’s joints, particularly in the legs or hips. This swelling can cause joints to feel warm to the touch. Over time, dogs with arthritis may also experience muscle loss, especially in the legs, as they avoid putting weight on painful joints.

Reluctance to Walk

A dog with arthritis may tire more easily during walks or show reluctance to go for exercise. They might lag behind, take frequent breaks, or stop altogether. Some dogs may also show a decrease in their usual enthusiasm for playtime or physical activities.

Lethargy and Weakness

Arthritic dogs often sleep more as a way to cope with the discomfort. You might notice your dog seeking out soft, warm places to rest or becoming more withdrawn than usual.

Visible Discomfort

In more advanced stages, dogs may show clear signs of pain. This could include whimpering, yelping, or licking the affected joints frequently. Some dogs may also hold their limb in an unusual position to reduce pressure on the painful joint.

Types of Arthritis in Dogs

Arthritis in dogs isn’t a one-size-fits-all condition. There are several types of arthritis, each with unique causes and characteristics. Here are the most common types of arthritis in dogs:

Osteoarthritis

This is the most common type of arthritis in dogs. Osteoarthritis develops gradually as the cartilage in a dog’s joints wears down over time. Because of the loss of this cushioning, the bones begin to rub at each other, leading to stiffness, inflammation, and pain. This is why it’s also known as degenerative joint disease. 

Osteoarthritis is usually experienced in the dog’s hips, knees, elbows, and spine. Some of the common factors that cause the disease include aging, genetics, obesity, and joint injuries.

The disease is known to be common in dog breeds that have the tendency to experience joint issues. Some examples are Labradors and German Shepherds. While osteoarthritis is progressive, the disease can be managed, helping your dog deal with the symptoms it faces. 

Autoimmune Arthritis

Autoimmune arthritis is a disease wherein a dog’s immune system attacks its own joints mistakenly. One well-known type of arthritis in this group is rheumatoid arthritis. When this condition occurs, the dog’s joints will experience chronic damage and inflammation. This is why early diagnosis and management are important to help keep the condition at bay and prevent things from getting worse.

Septic Arthritis

Septic arthritis is arthritis that is caused by a bacteria infection or, in some cases, fungi. These are pathogens that enter the joint, often through an open wound, surgery, or bloodstream. This type of arthritis leads to swelling, heat, and severe pain in the affected joint. Unlike other forms of arthritis, septic arthritis requires emergency care and treatment in order to prevent further joint damage.

Hip Dysplasia

Hip dysplasia is a developmental skeletal condition where the hip joint doesn’t fit together properly, causing abnormal wear and tear. Over time, this alignment of the bones will lead to arthritis, especially in larger dog breeds. These include Golden Retrievers and Rottweilers.

Dogs with this condition may show signs of discomfort, a reluctance to exercise, or a noticeable limp. Because hip dysplasia is a progressive condition, it’s important to have consultations with our vets on how to effectively manage your dog’s symptoms. These can include weight management, physical therapy, and other specific treatments.

Diagnosing Arthritis in Dogs

If your dog is starting to show signs as it gets older, it might be time to have a checkup to confirm your suspicions. Here are some of the methods we use to diagnose arthritis in dogs:

Physical Examination

Initially, our vets will physically examine your dog and check its overall physical condition. We’ll start with its posture, range of motion, and other factors potentially affected by arthritis. The team will also be in close contact with you throughout the entire procedure, asking you questions about the signs you have noticed in your dog experience. These observations help pinpoint which joints are affected and gauge the extent of the condition.

X-rays and Imaging

X-rays are one of the most common tools for diagnosing arthritis. This diagnostic imaging tool helps provide images of the affected bones and joints, allowing our vets to identify signs of arthritis, such as narrowing joint spaces, bone spurs, or abnormal bone growth. In some cases, advanced imaging techniques like CT scans or MRIs may be used for a more detailed view.

Joint Fluid Analysis

For specific types of dog arthritis, like septic arthritis, we may use a method known as joint fluid analysis. In this diagnostic test, we will take a small sample of fluid from your dog’s affected joint. Once we have the sample, we’ll examine it to check for any signs of infections, inflammation, and other factors we can rule out to determine your dog’s condition. 

Treatment for Dog Arthritis

While arthritis in dogs can’t be cured, there are several treatment options we use that can help manage your dog’s condition. Here are some of the most commonly used treatment options for dog arthritis:

Medications

The cornerstone of arthritis management is medication, particularly nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These medications are super helpful in reducing inflammation and relieving your dog’s pain, allowing it to move more comfortably. Our vets may also prescribe other pain relievers or corticosteroids for short-term relief during flare-ups. All these are available at our vet pharmacy located inside the clinic. 

When it comes to medications, it’s a good practice to follow our instructions. Long-term medication use requires monitoring to avoid side effects that affect other parts of your dog’s body.

Joint Supplements

Many dogs with arthritis benefit from joint supplements like glucosamine, chondroitin, and omega-3 fatty acids. These supplements help support cartilage health, reduce inflammation, and improve joint function. While supplements aren’t a replacement for medication, they act as supportive treatments that can aid in helping your dog with its symptoms.

Physical Therapy

A good and controlled exercise routine is essential for maintaining muscle strength and joint mobility. Activities like walking or swimming help keep joints flexible without adding stress. Hydrotherapy is particularly effective because it allows your dog to exercise without exerting any pressure on the joints, effectively minimizing joint strain.

Our pet physiotherapists can help provide a detailed exercise plan that can be done at home and at the clinic. The plan will depend on your dog’s condition, as we’ll always prioritize its health and needs. 

Weight Management

When it comes to joint health, weight is a big factor. The more your dog’s weight is managed, the less stress and strain is exerted on its bones and joints, allowing for steady management. We may make use of specially formulated foods to accommodate your dog’s diet, as there are lots of options that provide important Omega-3 fatty acids to support your dog’s treatment.

Alternative Therapies

Some dogs find relief through alternative therapies, including acupuncture, laser therapy, and massage therapy. The goal of these treatments is to help your dog during this tough time. The methods will reduce pain, help improve circulation, and encourage the body to heal.

Surgery

In severe cases where other treatments don’t provide sufficient relief, surgical options may be considered. Procedures such as joint replacement, arthroscopy, or joint fusion can significantly reduce pain and improve mobility. 

Conclusion

Arthritis is a common condition in dogs, but with early diagnosis and proper management, you can help your best friend live a more comfortable and active life. Come visit the clinic, and we’ll have your dog checked up.