What Causes Cataracts in Cats? A Cat Owner’s Guide
Cats can develop a variety of eye conditions, and cataracts are one of them. Cataracts cause the lens of the eye to become cloudy, blocking light and making it difficult for cats to see clearly.
In the early stages, cataracts may only affect a small part of the lens and have little impact on your cat’s vision. But when left untreated, this condition can progress to complete blindness.
With that, we’ll tell you everything you need to know about feline cataracts, right from what causes it to the tips on how to prevent it.
What’s the Difference Between Cataracts and Nuclear Sclerosis in Cats?
Nuclear sclerosis, also known as lenticular sclerosis, is a normal change in the lens of the eye caused by age. It’s commonly confused with feline cataracts because they both result in a similar bluish to grayish hue on the lens.
The main difference is that nuclear sclerosis does not significantly affect the vision of cats. Most cats with this condition tend to live their daily routines without any major issues.
Feline cataracts are more of an actual clouding that blocks light from reaching the retina rather than just a change in color.
What Causes Cataracts in Cats?
Cataracts are caused by a number of different factors. These include:
Genetics
Some cats are born with a greater risk of developing cataracts because of their genetics. Breeds such as Persians, Birmans, and Siamese are genetically predisposed to this eye condition.
Uveitis
Uveitis is one of the most common causes of cataracts in cats. The inflammation can trigger an immune response that disrupts the normal function of the lens. This can be triggered by trauma, infections, and autoimmune conditions.
Injuries or Trauma
Physical damage to the cat’s eyes can also lead to cataracts. A direct blow or any penetrating injury can damage the structure of the lens, resulting in the lens filling up with fluids. This leads to cloudiness and reduced vision.
Health Issues
Health problems such as diabetes and high blood pressure can contribute to cataracts in cats. Feline diabetes causes cataracts when the increase in blood sugar levels changes the structure of the lens.
It happens when the elevated blood sugar levels lead to increased levels of sorbitol, a component that attracts water into the lens, causing it to swell.
High blood pressure, on the other hand, causes cataracts in cats by damaging the blood vessels of the eyes. This leads to bleeding and fluid buildup inside the eyes, resulting in cataracts.
Aging
As cats get older, the proteins in the lens can break down or clump together. As a result, the lens gradually becomes more cloudy and opaque over time.
Nutritional Deficiencies
A poor diet during a cat’s early development can lead to an increased risk of cataracts. Kittens especially need a balanced diet to ensure their eyes develop properly. Deficiencies in vitamin A and taurine can contribute to the formation of cataracts.
Exposure to Toxins or Radiation
Cats that come into contact with harmful chemicals or toxins may develop cataracts as a result of lens damage. Radiation exposure can also damage the lens, resulting in cataract formation.
What are the Symptoms of Cataracts in Cats?
As the condition progresses, there are obvious signs of cataracts in cats:
Cloudy or Opaque Eyes. One of the most noticeable signs of cataracts is a cloudy or white appearance in the lens of your cat’s eye.
Poor Navigation. If you notice your cat bumping into furniture or having trouble navigating around your home, this might be a sign. Cataracts can make it harder for them to judge distances or see obstacles, especially in dim lighting.
Changes in Behavior. Your cat may appear more cautious, clingy, or even get startled easily in new environments. On the flip side, some cats can be more withdrawn.
Squinting or Pawing at the Eyes. Cataracts themselves aren’t typically painful, but they’re often linked to other eye issues such as inflammation or irritation.
Sensitivity to Light. Cats with cataracts may avoid brightly lit areas and rooms. They may also choose to hide under sofas and stay in dimly lit rooms.
How are Cataracts in Cats Diagnosed?
Here are some of the methods we use to diagnose feline cataracts:
Ocular Examination
The first step is a general physical and eye examination. Our pet ophthalmologists will asses your cat’s eyes for any visible cloudiness, changes in pupil size, and other abnormalities. We’ll also ask you about your cat’s medical history and overall health.
This will also include an ophthalmoscopy. We’ll use an ophthalmoscope to assess the eye’s internal structures, including the lens, retina, and optic nerve. If there are any abnormal opacities, then cataracts are highly likely.
If more information is needed, we will do a slit lamp exam. Through this, we can determine the location, type, and extent of the opacity.
Other Tests
To help us reach an accurate diagnosis, we will perform other tests. These include blood tests, eye staining tests, tonometry, and an electroretinography. Blood tests can help diagnose diabetes, a potential cause of feline cataracts.
The other eye tests mentioned will be used accordingly if other eye issues are suspected.
What are the Treatment Options for Cataracts in Cats?
In the early stages of cataracts, medicines may be recommended to address symptoms and manage conditions such as uveitis.
Surgery is the most effective way to treat cataracts in cats. Our vets will perform a technique called phacoemulsification. In this procedure, your cat’s cataracts will be removed, and the lens will be replaced.
It works by using ultrasonic waves to break down the cloudy lens. Once this is broken down and removed, a new artificial lens will be inserted.
To aid with recovery, antibiotic and anti-inflammatory eye drops may be prescribed. An E-collar can also be used to prevent scratching and pawing at the eyes. Regular follow-ups will be needed to monitor your cat’s recovery.
Vet Tips: How to Take Care of Your Cat’s Eyes
While the disease can’t be prevented, there are things you can do to reduce the risk of cataracts in cats.
Regular eye examinations and checkups will be helpful in determining common eye issues in cats. Through these sessions, we’ll be able to detect any problems before they become worse, allowing us to get an easier route for treatment.
Along with routine eye exams, your cat’s eyes should be cleaned regularly. Dirt and debris can cause damage to the eyes, which can be easily avoided by weekly cleaning with a soft, damp cloth.
Improving your cat’s diet also helps them keep their eyes in good health. Foods rich in taurine, vitamin A, and omega-3 fatty acids can benefit eye health. These include salmon, eggs, and high-quality cat food. If you need any personalized help, our nutritionists can assist.
"A cat’s eyes don’t just reflect light, they reflect their health, well-being, and happiness."
- Dr. Nenad Misura
Conclusion
Your cat relies on you to notice the signs and take action when something seems off. The causes of cataracts in cats can’t be fully avoided, but you can take steps to take good care of your best friend’s eyes.
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