When it comes to our cats, eye infections and issues are common problems we cat owners face. Because of this, it’s important to have a good understanding of these issues before things get worse.

What are Cataracts in Cats?

Cataracts in cats are a condition that makes the lens of the eye to become cloudy. This cloudiness can directly lead to vision problems and, in severe cases, blindness. Cats can also develop them due to various reasons, such as aging, injury, or underlying health conditions.

In a healthy eye, the lens is clear and allows light to pass through. When cataracts form, this clarity is lost, making it difficult for cats to see clearly. The lens may appear cloudy or white, which can sometimes be noticed by owners.

What Causes Cataracts in Cats?

Cataracts are caused by a number of different factors. These factors help contribute to the cloudy signature of the disease. Here’s what causes cataracts in cats:

Genetic Factors

Some cats are born with a greater risk of developing cataracts due to their genetics. Breeds like Persians, Himalayans, and Birmans are more likely to experience cataracts, often because of hereditary conditions passed down through generations. 

Aging

Just like humans, cats can experience age-related changes in their eyes. As they get older, the proteins in the lens can break down or clump together, forming cataracts. This natural aging process can lead to cloudy lenses that affect your cat’s vision. While it’s common, regular visits and care can help delay or maybe mitigate the situation.

Uveitis

Chronic inflammation inside the eye, or uveitis, is one of the most common causes of cataracts in cats. This inflammation can be triggered by infections, trauma, or autoimmune conditions. Over time, uveitis can damage the lens and lead to cataracts, which is why treating eye inflammation promptly is so important.

Injuries or Trauma

Accidents happen, and cats are no exception. Injuries to the cat’s eyes can damage the lens. When this happens, the eye can become cloudy, leading to cataract formation. If your cat has experienced an eye injury, emergency care is important before things get worse.

Health Issues

Problems in a cat, such as diabetes and high blood pressure, can also contribute to cataracts in cats. In diabetic cats, fluctuations in blood sugar levels can affect the lens, causing it to become cloudy. While cataracts from diabetes are less common in cats than in dogs, they can still occur, especially if the condition isn’t well-managed.

Nutritional Deficiencies

A poor diet during a cat’s early development can lead to weaker eyes and an increased risk of cataracts. Kittens especially need a balanced diet with all the essential nutrients to ensure their eyes develop properly. Ensuring your cat eats high-quality, nutritionally complete food can help prevent this issue.

Exposure to Toxins or Radiation

Cats that come into contact with harmful chemicals or toxins may develop cataracts as a result of lens damage. Keeping your cat away from toxic substances and ensuring they have shaded areas outdoors can help protect their eyes.

What are the Symptoms of Cataracts in Cats?

Cataracts in cats can be tricky to spot at first, especially since our feline friends are great at adapting to changes in their vision. However, as the condition progresses, there are obvious signs of cataracts in cats:

Cloudy or Opaque Eyes

One of the most noticeable signs of cataracts is a cloudy or white appearance in the lens of your cat’s eye. You might see this cloudiness when light hits their eyes or when you look closely. It’s a clear indicator that the lens isn’t functioning as it should.

Trouble Navigating

If you notice your cat bumping into furniture or having trouble navigating around your home, this might be a sign of cataracts in your cat. Cataracts can make it harder for them to judge distances or see obstacles, especially in dim lighting. 

Changes in Behavior

Vision loss can make cats feel vulnerable, and this might show in how they behave. Your cat may seem more cautious, clingy, or even startle easily in new environments. On the flip side, some cats might withdraw, spending more time in quiet, secure spaces. 

You can also see a change in how they usually are when it comes to certain situations. If they do not respond like they normally do, this might be a clear sign of cataracts. These behavioral shifts often happen because cats cannot see properly. This will also lead to stress.

Squinting or Pawing at Their Eyes

If your cat is squinting frequently or trying to paw at their eyes, it could be a sign of discomfort. Cataracts themselves aren’t usually painful, but they’re often linked to other eye issues like inflammation or increased pressure, which can cause irritation.

Sensitivity to Light

Cats with cataracts may develop sensitivity to light, avoiding brightly lit areas or squinting in the sun. This sensitivity happens because the cataract scatters light as it enters the eye, making bright environments uncomfortable for your cat.

Diagnosis of Cataracts in Cats

Diagnosing cataracts in cats requires a thorough examination to develop an appropriate treatment plan. Here are some of the methods we recommend to diagnose cataracts in cats: 

Veterinary Examination

The first step is a general physical and eye examination. Our pet ophthalmologists will observe your cat’s eyes for visible cloudiness, changes in pupil size, or other abnormalities. We may also ask about your cat’s medical history, including any recent injuries, infections, or signs of systemic illnesses like diabetes.

Ophthalmoscopy

Ophthalmoscopy is a common tool used to examine the internal structures of the eye, including the lens, retina, and optic nerve. By shining a light into your cat’s eye and using a magnifying lens, the pet ophthalmologist can detect cataracts, assess their size and location, and rule out other conditions.

Tonometry

Since cataracts can sometimes lead to complications like glaucoma, we may use a tonometer to measure the pressure inside your cat’s eyes. Elevated intraocular pressure can indicate glaucoma, which means your cat has been having cataracts for a long time.

Blood Tests

If we think that an underlying health issue, such as diabetes or uveitis, is contributing to cataracts, we may make use of blood tests. These tests can help identify systemic conditions that need to be managed alongside the cataracts.

Diagnostic Imaging

Imaging technologies such as X-rays and ultrasounds can help visualize the internal structure of your cat’s eyes. Through this, our vets can diagnose cataracts in cats.

Treatment for Cataracts in Cats

The treatment of cataracts in cats depends on the severity of the condition and whether any underlying health issues are contributing to their development. Here are the common treatments for cataracts in cats:

Surgical Intervention

Surgery is the most effective way to treat cataracts in cats. Through a process called phacoemulsification, your cat’s cataracts will be removed. Once removed, they will be replaced with an artificial lens. By doing so, your cat’s cataracts will be gone, effectively removing the cloudy part of the eyes.

This will significantly improve vision, effectively improving your cat’s visual experience. However, our vets will have to make sure your cat can handle the surgery. We’ll conduct a thorough examination of your cat before starting the surgery. 

Recovery after cataract surgery requires diligent care to ensure the best outcome. Your cat may need antibiotic and anti-inflammatory eye drops to prevent infection and reduce swelling. To protect their eyes, an Elizabethan collar can be used to stop your cat from scratching or rubbing the surgical site. 

Regular follow-up visits will be needed to monitor healing and address any potential complications. With proper postoperative care, many cats regain significant vision and recover comfortably.

Medical Management

Although medical treatments cannot reverse cataracts, they can alleviate discomfort and prevent secondary complications. 

In the early stages of cataracts, medical management may be recommended to slow progression and address associated symptoms. Anti-inflammatory eye drops are often prescribed to reduce inflammation caused by cataracts or underlying conditions such as uveitis. 

How to Take Care of Your Cat’s Eyes

While the disease can’t be prevented, there are things you can do to lessen the risk of cataracts in cats. Here are some tips you can follow:

Regular Eye Checkups

Regular eye examinations and checkups will be helpful in determining common eye issues in cats. Through these sessions, we’ll be able to detect any problems before they become worse, allowing us to get an easier route for treatment

A Balanced Diet for Eye Health

Providing your cat with a nutritionally complete diet helps keep their eyes in good health. Cats eat a diet consisting of mostly proteins, but you can include other foods that provide essential vitamins and minerals for eye health. Eggs are one common treat you can add, although don’t give too much. 

Additionally, there are lots of options when it comes to specially formulated foods for cat eye health. You can check these options out at our vet pharmacy. 

Conclusion

Your cat relies on you to notice the signs and take action when something seems off. The causes of cataracts in cats can’t be fully avoided, but you can take steps to take good care of your cat’s eyes.