We understand how unsettling it can be when your dog starts slowing down. The reluctance to play, the awkward movements, or that subtle pause before climbing a step. It all speaks volumes, even when they can’t.

Arthritis affects approximately one in five dogs, and it can develop gradually. One day, you realize your once bouncy best friend is struggling just to climb the stairs.

Arthritis is a painful, degenerative condition that causes inflammation in the joints. It leads to stiffness, reduced mobility, and in some cases, chronic pain. But while people often associate it with seniors, younger dogs aren’t entirely safe. Injuries, genetics, infections, and even autoimmune diseases, which are factors other than age, can lead to arthritis in dogs.

At Noble Vet Clinics, we see it daily. That quiet discomfort is often canine arthritis, a progressive joint condition that affects a startling number of dogs, sometimes even before their first birthday. The good news? You’re here, and early awareness can be life-changing.

But first, what exactly is arthritis in dogs?

What Is Arthritis in Dogs and Why Does It Happen?

Arthritis, at its core, is chronic joint inflammation. But it’s more layered than stiffness or a “normal” part of aging.

It affects the protective cartilage between bones, disrupting the smooth glide of motion. As cartilage wears away, bones grind against each other, creating pain, inflammation, and reduced mobility. Over time, scar tissue and bone spurs can develop, further worsening the joint's function.

How Does Arthritis Affect a Dog’s Joints?

Each joint in your dog’s body is a mini-engine of motion, hinges, levers, and fluid sacs. When arthritis strikes, these components begin to fail. Movements become rigid. Muscles weaken from disuse. And the fluid that once cushioned their steps becomes thick or depleted.

What Are the Most Common Types of Arthritis in Dogs?

• Osteoarthritis (Degenerative Joint Disease): The most common form, usually caused by wear and tear.

• Septic Arthritis: A joint infection, often bacterial.

• Immune-mediated Arthritis (e.g., Rheumatoid): The immune system mistakenly attacks joint tissue.

Is Arthritis in Dogs a Normal Part of Aging?

No. Rather, arthritis is common in aging dogs, but it’s not inevitable. With the right care, many senior dogs enjoy active, comfortable golden years. But it’s not exclusive to age. Younger dogs, especially large or fast-growing breeds, can develop joint issues early in life.

What Causes Arthritis in Dogs?

Arthritis in dogs doesn’t happen overnight. While age is by far one of the most common causes, other factors can cause joint degeneration. 

The causes of arthritis in dogs include:

• Aging. As dogs get older, their joints naturally wear down. Over time, the cartilage that cushions their joints deteriorates, leading to stiffness, pain, and arthritis.

• Genetics. Some breeds, like Labradors, German Shepherds, and Rottweilers, are more prone to arthritis due to inherited joint issues like hip or elbow dysplasia.

• Obesity and Excess Weight. Carrying extra weight stresses a dog’s joints, increasing the risk of canine arthritis.

• Joint Injuries and Trauma. Injuries like fractures, ligament tears, or repetitive stress from high-impact activities can lead to joint damage and arthritis over time.

• Infections and Autoimmune Diseases. Conditions such as Lyme disease, infections, or autoimmune disorders can cause joint inflammation, leading to long-term damage.

• Poor Nutrition and Lack of Joint Support. A diet lacking essential nutrients can weaken joint health and make dogs more prone to arthritis.

Which Dogs are Most at Risk of Arthritis

Just like people, some dogs are simply more prone to joint problems than others. While any dog can develop arthritis, certain breeds, body types, and life stages are at a significantly higher risk.

Large and Giant Breeds

Arthritis in large breeds is prevalent. Dogs like Labrador Retrievers, Golden Retrievers, German Shepherds, Rottweilers, and Saint Bernards carry more weight, putting extra strain on their joints, especially as they age.

These big-hearted companions often start slowing down earlier than smaller breeds, and arthritis is one of the top reasons why.

Older Dogs (7+ Years)

Age is a significant factor. Arthritis in older dogs happens gradually. You may not notice the signs at first. However, over time, wear and tear on the joints accumulates, leading to chronic inflammation and pain.

If your senior dog seems stiff in the morning or reluctant to jump on the couch, arthritis might be quietly at work.

Overweight Dogs

Extra weight means extra pressure on already vulnerable joints. In fact, overweight dogs are up to 3x more likely to develop arthritis compared to dogs at a healthy weight.

Keeping your dog lean isn’t just about looks. It’s one of the best things you can do to prevent or slow joint damage.

Previously Injured or Overactive Dogs

Past joint injuries (like a torn ACL) or high-impact activities (like agility or rough play) can increase the risk of arthritis later in life. Even dogs who appear fully recovered can develop arthritis years after the injury.

If your dog fits into any of these categories, regular checkups and early screening for joint health can make a world of difference. Catching arthritis early means better pain management, improved mobility, and a happier life.

What are the Early Signs of Arthritis in Dogs

Arthritis in dogs often sneaks up slowly. The signs may seem subtle at first: a slight stiffness, a skipped jump, maybe some grumpiness you chalk up to "just getting older." But these early symptoms are your dog’s way of saying something’s wrong.

Here are the common early signs of arthritis in dogs for early intervention:

• Stiffness after naps or rest

• Limping or favoring one leg (especially after activity)

• Reluctance to jump, climb stairs, or go for walks

• Withdrawal or reduced interest in play

• Irritability when touched or approached

• Licking, chewing, or biting at joints

• Sleeping more or hiding away

• Swelling around joints or visible muscle loss

Don’t wait until your dog is clearly in pain. Early intervention can significantly improve their comfort, mobility, and overall quality of life.

What are the Detailed Symptoms of Arthritis in Dogs

Some symptoms show up quietly. Others shout. Either way, arthritis in dogs is a progressive condition, and catching it early makes all the difference.

Stiffness and Limping

This is often the first red flag. Your dog may appear stiff when they get up from a nap or seem to "walk it off" after a few steps. Limping may worsen after exercise or in cold weather.

Difficulty Moving

Climbing stairs, hopping into the car, or even getting up from the floor can become a challenge. Some dogs stop wanting to go for walks or play, not because they’re lazy, but because it hurts.

Over time, dogs may adapt their movements to avoid pain, using one side of the body more or avoiding movement altogether.

Behavior Changes

Pain changes personalities. You might notice your dog becoming more withdrawn, sleeping more, or even showing signs of aggression if you touch their sore joints. Some dogs whimper, yelp, or lick at the painful area for relief.

Swelling & Muscle Loss

Swollen joints can feel warm or tender. As your dog avoids using those joints, the surrounding muscles weaken, especially around the hips, elbows, or knees.