Breed Overview
Affectionate, kind-hearted, gentle, patient, loyal, protective
54-81 kg (119.1-178.6 lbs)
White with other colors (red, orange, brown, brindle, rust, mahogany)
Short and long hair
Solid with white markings
Light to dark brown, blue
8 to 10 years
No
History of the Saint Bernard
The Saint Bernard dog breed originated in the Western Alps, specifically in Switzerland and Italy, primarily at the Great St. Bernard Pass. However, the pass was known to be highly dangerous, which is why a certain Bernard de Menthon created the Great St. Bernard Hospice.
Here, the ancestors of the modern St. Bernards were gifted by the families of the Vaud and Valais cantons. These dogs were bred for guarding and protecting, but they quickly developed rescuing skills.
In 2005, the Barry Foundation was created. It became the main breeding center for the breed, named after the most heroic Saint Bernard, with over 40 rescues.
Today, the Saint Bernard dog continues to grow in popularity. With its affectionate nature and loyal personality, the breed has become a favorite for all dog lovers.
Physical Characteristics of Saint Bernard
St. Bernards have a large, broad, and powerful head with a strong skull. The nose is black with a short, wide muzzle. They have a strong jaw with droopy lips.
They have medium-sized eyes with a lemon shape. These come in colors from light to dark brown and blue.
These dogs have medium-sized ears that are set high on the head. They hang close to the cheeks and are triangular in shape and rounded at the tips.
Being a giant breed, they have a large and muscular body that is long with a deep, broad chest. The body has loose skin.
The limbs are strong and muscular. Their front legs are muscular and straight, while the hind legs are broad.
St. Bernards have a thick, long tail that curves slightly upward. It thickens toward the base and is covered with dense fur.
These dogs come in short and long-haired varieties, both with a dense and thick coat. Common patterns involve a solid color with white markings. These colors include red, orange, brown, brindle, rust, and mahogany.
Male: 71.1-76.2 cm (28-30 inches); Female: 66-71.1 cm (26-28 inches).
Male: 63-81 kg (138.9-178.6 lbs); Female: 54-63 kg (119.1-138.9 lbs).
Just welcomed a Saint Bernard
What to Expect With a Saint Bernard
Vocalization Level
St. Bernards are not vocal dogs. While they do bark to alert their owners of anything suspicious, they are mostly gentle and quiet dogs.
Energy Level
These dogs are not particularly energetic and prefer to relax. They enjoy short walks and appreciate owners with a less active lifestyle.
Independence Level
Saint Bernards are independent dogs. While they do enjoy human interaction and companionship, they can still tolerate long periods of alone time without anxiety.
Affection Level
St. Bernards are extremely affectionate and love to be physically close to their owners. Coupled with their gentle nature, they are affectionate but not too pushy.
Compatibility with Children
Saint Bernards are famously patient, tolerant, and protective around children. However, they will need constant supervision around smaller kids because of their size.
Compatibility with Other Pets
They get along fairly well with other pets, especially if socialized early on. Their calm nature works well with most pets.
Adaptability Level
St. Bernards can adapt to new homes and environments easily, especially if they have their owners' support.
Trainability Level
These dogs are trainable because of their intelligence and eagerness to please. They benefit a lot from positive reinforcement methods and consistency.
Exercise Requirements
St. Bernard dogs need regular exercise, but only for short durations. Regular short walks, play sessions, and games can help. Overexertion should be avoided.
Mental Stimulation Needs
They benefit from interactive toys, puzzles, and basic training activities to keep them engaged. Boredom can lead to unwanted behaviors.
Grooming Frequency
Short-haired St. Bernards require weekly brushing, while long-haired St. Bernards require brushing twice or thrice a week. Bathing can be done every 2 to 3 months.
Health Concerns of Saint Bernard
How to Groom a Saint Bernard
Short-haired St. Bernards need brushing at least once a week, while long-haired St. Bernards need to be brushed twice or thrice a week. A slicker brush is the best brush for the job.
Their dense coat makes them prone to skin allergies and issues, so they require regular brushing and bathing. Use shampoos that work best with the St. Bernard’s coat.
Bathing can be done every 2 to 3 months, depending on the coat length. Use gentle shampoos and be sure to dry them thoroughly to prevent any moisture from staying.
The nails should be trimmed every 3 to 4 weeks, or until they get too long. If you hear the sound of nails clashing on the floor, it’s time to trim them. Use sharp clippers for the job.
Their ears require cleaning every 2 to 3 weeks to prevent the buildup of debris and bacteria. Use a vet-approved ear cleaner and wipe down the dirt with cotton balls.
The St. Bernard’s eyes should be cleaned as needed. Use a soft, damp cloth and wipe away the visible debris outward from the eye. Regular eye checks are essential.
Teeth brushing should be done twice or thrice a week to prevent plaque buildup. Use a toothpaste and toothbrush specific for St Bernards.
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