Our dogs’ eyes are delicate and sensitive. It takes a lot of care and effort to protect them, which includes constant monitoring. If you’ve noticed a reddish, swollen mass near the corner of your pup’s eye, it could be a condition called cherry eye.
Although it might look alarming, cherry eye is a treatable condition when it gets the right care and attention. To help you understand it, we’ll discuss its symptoms, causes, and treatment options involved in this condition.
What is Cherry Eye in Dogs?
Dogs have a protective layer in their eyes that shields them from dust and debris. This third eyelid is called the nictitating membrane and holds a specific gland that is responsible for producing tears. When this third eyelid gland’s tissues weaken, the gland itself may pop out.
In other words, your dog’s third eyelid gland might be displaced, causing the appearance of a red, swollen mass at the inner corner of the eye. This condition is called cherry eye.
This protrusion’s name comes from its resemblance to a small cherry. While it’s not painful in its early stages, it can lead to irritation, discomfort, and potential complications, such as dry eye or infections.
Potential Complications of Cherry Eye in Dogs
When left untreated, cherry eye in dogs leads to more complicated issues. One of the most common complications is chronic irritation.
The displaced gland gets exposed, leaving it vulnerable to environmental irritants like dust and debris. This can cause persistent irritation and discomfort for your dog.
The exposed gland is also at a higher risk of developing secondary infections. Bacteria, fungi, and other pathogens can easily enter the exposed tissue, causing additional swelling, pain, and discomfort.
Dry eye in dogs is another area of concern. The gland responsible for producing a large portion of the eye’s tears will be exposed. If it remains out of place for an extended period, it may lose its functionality, hindering tear production.
What Causes Cherry Eye in Dogs?
The causes of cherry eye in dogs are generally linked to genetics and environmental factors. These include:
Genetic Predisposition
Certain breeds are genetically predisposed due to inherited weaknesses in the connective tissues. Brachycephalic breeds are also among the dogs prone to developing cherry eye because of their facial structures.
Common dogs affected include:
Lhasa Apsos
Rottweilers
Cocker Spaniels
Pug
Because their third eyelid gland is less securely anchored, these breeds are more likely to develop the condition at a young age.
Age
Cherry eye is common in pups under two years old. It's generally because their connective tissues are not yet fully developed. This makes them more prone to a prolapsed third eyelid gland.
While the condition is less common in older dogs, it’s still possible, particularly if the gland experiences strain or injury.
Trauma to the Eye
Trauma or excessive strain on the eye can weaken the ligaments holding the third eyelid gland in place. Activities such as rough play, accidents, animal fights, and excessive scratching can result in cherry eye in dogs.
Inflammation and Eye Infections
Conditions that cause inflammation in or around the eye can put stress on the gland and its supporting tissues. Conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, or other eye infections in dogs can create swelling, leading to a higher chance of cherry eye.
Allergies
Allergic reactions from food and environmental allergens can lead to excessive eye rubbing or scratching. Over time, repeated rubbing can strain the connective tissues holding the third eyelid gland in place.
What are the Symptoms of Cherry Eye in Dogs?
The signs of cherry eye in dogs are generally hard to miss, with the characteristic pink mass being the most noticeable one. Here are the symptoms you can expect:
Visible Red or Pink Mass. The clearest symptom of cherry eye in dogs is the appearance of a red or pink bulge in the corner of their eyes. This bulge is the prolapsed gland of the third eyelid, and its size can vary. It can be small and barely noticeable, or it can be clear and cover a significant part of the eye.
Eye Irritation or Discomfort. Affected dogs can also experience irritation, which results in frequent rubbing and pawing at the eyes. They may also use nearby furniture and objects to try to relieve the discomfort. However, this can only make things worse.
Tearing or Eye Discharge. Cherry eye often leads to excessive tearing or a watery discharge from the affected eye. This generally happens because the third eyelid gland doesn't function properly due to the displacement.
Swelling and Inflammation. The affected eye may appear swollen, with the surrounding tissue looking red or inflamed. In severe cases, the condition can cause additional swelling, making the eye look more prominent.
Behavioral Changes. Due to the persistent discomfort and sensitivity, affected dogs might exhibit some behavioral changes. This includes being more secluded, avoiding bright light, vocalization, and showing signs of distress.
How is Cherry Eye in Dogs Diagnosed?
Diagnosing cherry eye in dogs is typically straightforward, thanks to its distinctive symptoms. Here are the methods and tests we use:
Ocular Examination
Our pet ophthalmologists will start by performing a thorough physical examination of the affected eye. We'll look for the signature red or pink bulge in the corner of your dog’s eye and other associated symptoms.
Your dog's overall eye health will also be checked, and any swelling, discharge, or secondary infections will be taken note of.
Eye Stain Test
Another way we can diagnose cherry eyes in dogs is by using an eye stain test. We apply a special dye to your dog’s eyes and use a blue light to check for any damage. If there are any signs of damage, they will be highlighted.
This test is particularly helpful in cases where the dog exhibits excessive tearing, squinting, or signs of discomfort, as these symptoms can indicate corneal ulcers.
Schirmer Tear Test
The Schirmer tear test can be helpful in assessing the eye’s ability to produce tears. Cherry eye can disrupt tear production, which can have dogs develop dry eye, worsening the issue.
How is Cherry Eye in Dogs Treated?
The main goal for treating cherry eye in dogs is to reposition the tear gland, rather than remove it entirely.
Surgery
Cherry eye surgery is the most reliable and long-term solution for treating cherry eye in dogs. The procedure focuses on repositioning the gland while maintaining its tear-producing function. We do this by creating adequate space for the gland to go back in.
A small incision is made in the eyelid to create a pocket that will hold the displaced gland. Once the pocket is big enough, we'll gently reposition the tear gland into place. The incision is then closed with sutures to secure the gland and support healing.
Non-Surgical Treatments
Medication alone is not enough to fully correct cherry eye. Surgery will always be the definitive treatment option. However, medications can relieve the pain and provide comfort before and after treatment.
Post-Surgical Care
After surgery, special care is essential to ensure a smooth recovery and prevent recurrence. We prescribe anti-inflammatory or antibiotic eye drops to reduce swelling and prevent infection. Elizabethan collars are also super helpful in preventing your dog from touching the operated area. Dogs will also need a relaxing space at home to recover.
How to Prevent Cherry Eye in Dogs?
While it can’t be completely prevented, there are some ways you can help reduce the risk.
Avoid Rough Play
Be sure to monitor your dog during playtime, especially with other animals. Avoid situations where their eyes can get injured, bumped, or scratched.
Manage Allergies and Irritation
If your dog shows any sign of irritation, make sure to address them immediately. Schedule vet visits to determine the cause of these allergies and make adjustments at home.
Maintain Eye Health
Eye cleaning and a balanced diet can do wonders when done regularly. Together, they help prevent irritation while supporting the tissues and glands that keep your dog’s eyes healthy.
“Clear vision means so much more than just seeing for our dogs. It’s comfort, confidence, and connection to the world.”
- Dr. Nenad Misura
Conclusion
While cherry eye in dogs may look concerning, it’s a manageable and treatable condition. That red or pink bulge on the corner of your dog’s eye is not usually serious, but it can be uncomfortable for them.
The good news is that with proper care and treatment, most dogs make a full recovery and return to their happy, comfortable selves.
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