Our dogs’ eyes are delicate and sensitive. It takes a lot of care and effort to protect them, which includes constant monitoring. If you’ve noticed a reddish, swollen mass near the corner of your pup’s eye, it could be a condition called cherry eye.
Although it might look alarming, cherry eye is a treatable condition when it gets the right care and attention. To help you understand it, we’ll discuss its symptoms, causes, and treatment options involved in this condition.
What is Cherry Eye in Dogs?
Dogs have a protective layer in their eyes that shields them from dust and debris. This third eyelid is called the nictitating membrane and holds a specific tear gland that is responsible for tear production. When this third eyelid gland’s tissues weaken, the gland itself may pop out.
In other words, your dog’s nictitating membrane may become displaced, causing the appearance of a red, swollen mass at the corner of the eye. This is the prolapsed gland that gives cherry eye its name due to its resemblance to a small cherry.
While it’s not painful in its early stages, this protrusion can lead to irritation, discomfort, and potential complications, such as dry eye or infections.
Potential Complications of Cherry Eyes in Dogs
When left untreated, cherry eye in dogs leads to more complicated issues. One of the most common complications is chronic irritation.
The prolapsed gland becomes exposed, leaving it vulnerable to environmental irritants such as dust and debris. This can cause persistent irritation and discomfort for your dog.
The exposed tear gland is also at a higher risk of developing secondary infections. Bacteria, fungi, and other pathogens can easily enter the exposed tissue, causing additional swelling, pain, and discomfort.
Dry eye in dogs is another area of concern. The gland responsible for producing a large portion of the eye’s tears will be exposed. If it remains out of place for an extended period, it may lose its functionality, hindering tear production.
What Causes Cherry Eye in Dogs?
The causes of cherry eye in dogs are generally linked to genetics and environmental factors. These include:
Genetic Predisposition
Certain breed dogs are genetically predisposed to cherry eye due to inherited weaknesses in the connective tissues. Brachycephalic breeds are also among the dogs prone to develop cherry eye because of their facial structures.
Common dogs affected include:
English Bulldog
Shar Pei
Lhasa Apso
Rottweilers
Because their third eyelid gland is less securely anchored, these breeds are more likely to develop the condition at a young age.
Age
Cherry eye is common in pups under two years old. It's generally because their connective tissues are not yet fully developed. This makes them more prone to a prolapsed gland.
While the condition is less common in older dogs, it’s still possible, particularly if the tear gland experiences strain or injury.
Trauma to the Eye
Trauma or excessive strain on the eye can weaken the ligaments holding the nictitating membrane in place. Activities such as rough play, accidents, animal fights, and excessive scratching can result in cherry eye in dogs.
Inflammation and Eye Infections
Conditions that cause inflammation in or around the eye in dogs can put stress on the gland and its supporting tissues. Conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, or other eye infections in dogs can cause swelling, which increases the risk of cherry eye.
Allergies
Allergic reactions from food and environmental allergens can lead to excessive eye rubbing or scratching. Over time, repeated rubbing can strain the connective tissues holding the third eyelid gland in place.
What are the Symptoms of Cherry Eye in Dogs?
The signs and symptoms of cherry eye in dogs are generally hard to miss, with the characteristic pink mass being the most noticeable. Look out for:
Visible Red or Pink Mass. The clearest sign is the appearance of a red or pink bulge in the corner of the eye. This bulge is the prolapsed gland of the nictitating membrane. Its size can vary, from small and subtle to large and unmistakable.
Eye Irritation or Discomfort. Affected dogs can also experience irritation, which results in frequent rubbing and pawing at the eyes. They may also use nearby furniture and objects to try to relieve the discomfort. However, this can only make things worse.
Tearing or Eye Discharge. Cherry eye often leads to excessive tearing or a watery discharge from the affected eye. This generally happens because the third eyelid gland doesn't function properly due to the displacement.
Swelling and Inflammation. The affected eye may appear swollen, with the surrounding tissue looking red or inflamed. In severe cases, the condition can cause additional swelling, making the eye look more prominent.
Behavioral Changes. Due to the persistent discomfort and sensitivity, affected dogs might exhibit some behavioral changes. This includes being more secluded, avoiding bright light, vocalization, and showing signs of distress.
How is Cherry Eye in Dogs Diagnosed?
Diagnosing cherry eye in dogs is typically straightforward, thanks to its distinctive symptoms. Here are the methods and tests we use:
Ocular Examination
Our pet ophthalmologists will conduct a thorough physical check of the eye in dogs, looking for the bulge associated with a prolapsed gland and any signs of irritation or infection.
Your dog's overall eye health will also be checked, and any swelling, discharge, or secondary infections will be taken note of.
Eye Stain Test
Another way we can diagnose cherry eyes in dogs is by using an eye stain test. We apply a special dye to your dog’s eyes and use a blue light to check for any damage. If there are any signs of damage, they will be highlighted.
This test is particularly helpful in cases where the dog exhibits excessive tearing, squinting, or signs of discomfort, as these symptoms can indicate corneal ulcers.
Schirmer Tear Test
The Schirmer tear test helps assess the eye's ability to produce tears. Since dry eye is a common complication of cherry eye, this test is essential in evaluating tear production levels.
How is Cherry Eye in Dogs Treated?
The goal is to treat cherry eye by restoring the tear gland to its proper position, not removing it. Here's how we do it:
Surgery
The most reliable way to treat cherry eye is through a surgical technique designed to reposition the gland while preserving its function.
A small pocket is created within the eyelid to hold the displaced gland. The gland is then gently tucked back into this pocket, and sutures are placed to hold it securely.
This surgical technique is vital in preventing dry eye, as removing the gland can permanently reduce tear production.
Non-Surgical Treatments
Medication alone is not enough to fully correct cherry eye. Surgery will always be the definitive treatment option. However, medications can relieve the pain and provide comfort before and after treatment.
Post-Surgical Care
After surgery, special care is essential to ensure a smooth recovery and prevent recurrence. We prescribe anti-inflammatory or antibiotic eye drops to reduce swelling and prevent infection. Elizabethan collars are also super helpful in preventing your dog from touching the operated area. Dogs will also need a relaxing space at home to recover.
How to Prevent Cherry Eye in Dogs?
While it can’t be completely prevented, there are some ways you can help reduce the risk.
Avoid Rough Play
Watch over your dog during playtime to prevent any trauma to the corner of the eye, especially if your pet belongs to a breed that's predisposed to cherry eye.
Manage Allergies and Irritation
If your dog shows any sign of irritation, make sure to address them immediately. Schedule vet visits to determine the cause of these allergies and make adjustments at home.
Maintain Eye Health
Routine eye care in dogs, including regular cleaning, proper grooming, and a balanced diet, can help strengthen the tissues that support the nictitating membrane and the eyelid gland.
“Clear vision means so much more than just seeing for our dogs. It’s comfort, confidence, and connection to the world.”
- Dr. Nenad Misura
Conclusion
While cherry eye in dogs may look concerning, it’s a manageable and treatable condition. That red or pink bulge on the corner of the eye isn’t usually serious, but it can cause discomfort and complications if left untreated.
The good news is that with the right diagnosis, surgical technique, and post-care, your dog can regain comfort and clear vision. Most dogs make a full recovery and return to their happy, curious selves.
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