Eye infections in dogs can happen quickly and catch pet owners off guard. A dog’s eyes are delicate, easily getting irritated by the smallest of problems. What starts as a little bit of redness and scratching can progress to something more serious if not given attention. 

This guide breaks down everything you need to know about dog eye infections. The sooner you know, the faster you can help your dog recover.

What are the Common Causes of Dog Eye Infection?

An infection of a dog’s eye can come from a range of sources, some obvious and some not. 

Bacteria

Bacteria are a common cause of eye infections in dogs, leading to conditions like conjunctivitis. These pathogens can enter through injuries, scratches, or even when the dog rubs its eye. 

Bacterial eye infections in dogs often result in thick yellow or green discharge, redness, and swelling.

Common types of bacteria that cause dog eye infections include Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. These are highly contagious, meaning they can easily spread to other dogs. 

Viruses

Viruses are also another common cause of eye infections, either as a primary issue or a symptom of a much broader issue. The effects usually involve more than the eye itself, with the respiratory system being affected as well. 

Common types of viruses that cause dog eye infections are canine distemper virus, canine herpesvirus-1, and canine adenovirus type 1. 

Fungi

While rare, fungal infections can also be a cause. They tend to happen in dogs with compromised immune systems or those exposed to contaminated environments. These places are usually outdoor spaces that are warm, damp, and moist.

Common fungal agents that cause eye infections in dogs include Malassezia, Cryptococcus, and Aspergillus. These can affect deeper eye tissues, causing more problems in the long run. 

Foreign Material and Trauma

Dirt, grass seeds, and other small objects can get in the eye, causing pain and inflammation. This leads to eye infections in dogs, especially those who love to run and play outdoors. Even minor trauma, such as small scratches, can lead to an eye infection. 

Allergies

Allergic reactions to pollen, dust mites, mold, or food can lead to inflammation, itchiness, and excessive eye rubbing. As a result, the eye experiences constant irritation, making it vulnerable to infection, especially the bacterial kind.

Dry Eye

Reduced tear production can leave the dog’s eye vulnerable, making it susceptible to infections and irritation. This is because the eye doesn’t stay moist or protected. The condition is common in breeds like Shih Tzus, Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, and Yorkshire Terriers.

Facial Structures

Certain dog breeds are more likely to develop eye infections because of their facial anatomy. Dogs with bulging eyes and brachycephalic facial structures are more prone to eye infections because they have trouble with tear drainage and are exposed to airborne particles more.

They can also be prone to dry eyes, which in itself increases the risk of eye infections. Common dogs affected by this include Pugs, Shih Tzus, Boxers, and English Bulldogs.

Additionally, dogs that are prone to eye issues like entropion, ectropion, and cherry eye can be prone to eye infections. In these conditions, the eyes experience irritation and inflammation, making them susceptible to infections.

Breeds commonly affected by eye issues include Great Danes, Cocker Spaniels, Chow Chows, and Saint Bernards. 

Long-haired dogs are also susceptible because of the long fur trapping moisture, debris, and bacteria.

What are the Symptoms of Eye Infections in Dogs?

Some symptoms are often chalked up to some mild irritation. However, these can sometimes be signs of something more serious.

Here are the signs of dog eye infections:

• Redness and Swelling. The presence of redness and swelling is among the most obvious signs of an eye problem, like an infection. These may appear around the eyelids or in the tissues surrounding the eye.

• Eye Discharge. In some cases, discharge can come from the eye. The texture and color will depend on the causative agent. Viral eye infections have a clear and watery texture, while bacterial agents cause a thick, yellow/green discharge.

• Excessive Squinting and Blinking. Dogs who excessively blink, squint, or have noticeable discomfort in their eyes are often experiencing some sort of eye problem. This can be a sign of an eye infection in dogs. 

• Pawing and Rubbing at the Eyes. Dogs with eye discomfort often try to relieve it by pawing at their face or rubbing their head on furniture. While it may offer momentary relief, this can also make the infection worse.

• Changes in Eye Appearance. Eye infections, along with constant rubbing, can cause a cloudy appearance on the dog’s eye. This usually indicates a much deeper issue, like corneal damage.

• Behavioral Changes. Dogs with eye infections are noticeably unhappy and uncomfortable. They may lose interest in activities,  flinch when touched on the face, and keep their heads low to avoid bright light.