Our dogs’ eyes are delicate and sensitive. It takes a lot of care and effort to protect them, which includes constant monitoring. When they get hit with eye problems, it should always be taken seriously. One of these is cherry eye in dogs.
Although it might look alarming, cherry eye is a treatable condition with the right care and attention. In this guide, we’re going to guide you all the way from what causes it to how it’s treated and prevented.
Key Takeaways
A dog’s cherry eye appears as a red and swollen mass on the eye corner, protruding out and becoming vulnerable to infections and irritation.
It can often be caused by genetics, age, and eye conditions involving trauma, infections, allergies, and inflammation.
The most reliable mode of treatment for cherry eye is surgical correction, preferably the pocket method.
What Is Cherry Eye in Dogs?
Dog cherry eye is a condition in which the third eyelid gland prolapses, showing a red, fleshy, swollen mass in the corner of the eye.
Dogs have a protective layer in their eyes that shields them from dust and debris. This third eyelid is called the nictitating membrane and contains a specialized tear gland responsible for tear production. When this third eyelid gland’s tissues weaken, the gland itself may prolapse.
In other words, your dog’s nictitating membrane may become displaced, causing the appearance of a red, swollen mass at the corner of the eye. This is the prolapsed gland that gives cherry eye its name due to its resemblance to a small cherry.
Even if it's not painful during the early stages, the exposed gland can experience irritation, discomfort, and other problems.
What Are the Symptoms of Canine Cherry Eye?
The usual signs can often be noticeable, especially when they worsen. Here are the common symptoms our veterinarians observe in dogs with cherry eye.
Visible Red or Pink Mass. The most obvious sign is the appearance of a red or pink bulge in the corner of the dog’s eye. This bulge is the prolapsed gland of the nictitating membrane. Its size can vary, from small and subtle to large and unmistakable.
Eye Irritation or Discomfort. Dogs with cherry eye can also experience constant irritation, which makes them want to scratch it. They may also use nearby furniture and objects to try to relieve the discomfort. However, this can only make things worse.
Tearing or Eye Discharge. Cherry eye often leads to excessive tearing or a watery discharge from the affected eye. This happens because the tear gland can't function properly because of the displacement.
Swelling and Inflammation. The surrounding tissues may appear swollen, looking red and inflamed.
Behavioral Changes. Due to the persistent discomfort and sensitivity, affected dogs might become more withdrawn, sensitive to bright light, and stressed.
What Causes Cherry Eye in Dogs?
This eye condition can be caused by genetics, age, and several other eye conditions.
Genetic Predisposition
Some dog breeds are genetically predisposed to cherry eye. Essentially, they have inherited weaknesses in connective tissue. Brachycephalic breeds are also among the dogs prone to developing cherry eye because of their facial structures.
Here are some breeds prone to cherry eye:
English Bulldog
Shar Pei
Lhasa Apso
Rottweilers
Because their third eyelid gland is less securely anchored, these breeds are more likely to develop the condition at a young age.
Age
Cherry eye is common in pups under two years old. It's generally because their connective tissues are not yet fully developed, making them prone to a prolapsed tear gland. While the condition is less common in older dogs, it’s still possible, especially due to external factors.
Trauma to the Eye
Trauma or excessive strain on the eye can weaken the ligaments holding the nictitating membrane in place. Activities such as rough play, accidents, animal fights, and excessive scratching can result in cherry eye in dogs.
Inflammation and Eye Infections
Eye problems such as conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, and eye infections can result in swelling, which increases the risk of cherry eye in dogs. This happens when the inflammation puts stress on the gland and its supporting tissues.
Allergies
Allergic reactions from food and environmental allergens can lead to excessive eye rubbing or scratching. As this progresses, it can strain the third eyelid’s connective tissues, contributing to the gland protruding.
Potential Complications of Cherry Eyes in Dogs
If left untreated, cherry eye in dogs can lead to more serious complications.
Chronic Irritation
Chronic irritation to the prolapsed gland can happen long-term because of its exposed nature. This makes it vulnerable to dirt, dust, and debris.
Secondary Infections
Because the tear gland is exposed, the chance of secondary infections developing is increased. This means bacteria, fungi, and other pathogens can irritate the tissue, causing pain, swelling, and discomfort.
Dry Eye
Dry eye in dogs is another area of concern. The gland responsible for producing a large portion of the eye’s tears will be exposed. If it remains out of place for an extended period, it may lose its functionality, hindering tear production.
How Is Cherry Eye in Dogs Diagnosed?
Our pet ophthalmologists focus on a physical examination and other lab tests to diagnose the condition.
Ocular Exam
We’ll look for the significant signs of cherry eye, which include the protrusion of the third eyelid gland. Our team will also look for other symptoms to get a better picture of how to proceed with treatment.
Eye Stain Test
An eye stain test is done by applying a special dye to the eyes and using a blue light to highlight any damage. This test is especially useful to identify scratches and ulcers, helping us provide relief and treatment.
Schirmer Tear Test
This test helps us assess the ability of the eyes to produce tears. We can measure if the gland is still producing enough tears and determine if the eyes have developed dry eye syndrome.
Tonometry
This test measures the dog’s eye pressure, helping rule out other conditions, including glaucoma.
How Is Cherry Eye in Dogs Treated?
Surgery, medications, and supportive care will be required for treatment.
Surgical Treatment
The most reliable way to treat cherry eye is to reposition the tear gland, preserving its function. This is called the pocket method. It works by creating a small pocket in the conjunctiva to hold the displaced gland. The gland is tucked gently into this pocket and stitched inside with dissolvable sutures.
This holds the third eyelid securely, effectively treating the condition.
Another procedure possible is the tacking method, which involves creating a permanent suture to secure the gland back in its normal position.
Generally, the pocket method is the more preferred option.
Non-Surgical Treatments
Medication can be used to temporarily provide relief and reduce swelling. This will include anti-inflammatory and antibiotic drops or ointments. However, medication alone cannot fully cure cherry eye. These are used only to manage the condition, especially in early cases.
Post-Surgical Care
After surgery, special care is essential to ensure a smooth recovery and prevent recurrence. We prescribe anti-inflammatory or antibiotic eye drops to reduce swelling and prevent infection. Elizabethan collars will also be required to help prevent your dog from scratching or pawing at the area.
Recovery Timeline
If your dog has undergone surgery, then here’s what to expect with the recovery process.
Days | What to Expect |
|---|---|
1 to 7 | The eye may still appear red and swollen, requiring your close monitoring and supervision. This is a high-risk period that will need medication, E-collars, and restricted activity. |
7 to 10 | The swelling should subside during this period, with continuous healing present. Activity must still be restricted, and medications should be given as prescribed. |
10 to 14 | Follow-up visits to check the progress of your dog’s cherry eye treatment. This will confirm if the gland is securely in place. Other recommendations and supportive therapies will be advised. |
Can Cherry Eye Come Back?
Yes, recurrence is possible, with a rate of approximately 5-20%. The main reasons could be the significantly weakened connective tissue, failure of the sutures, chronic inflammation, and even improper post-surgery care, such as when activity isn’t restricted.
How to Prevent Cherry Eye in Dogs?
While it can’t be completely prevented, there are some ways you can help reduce the risk.
Manage Allergies
Allergens and irritants can make your dog want to scratch their eyes, so be sure to control their environment and seek help when needed.
Schedule Checkups
Routine visits help us check for eye issues before they get worse, helping avoid a lot of problems in the future.
Monitor Your Dog
Always keep an eye on your dog, especially when they keep on scratching or pawing at their eyes. Watch them whenever they play with other dogs.
"Clear and unobstructed vision is the core of how our dogs experience the world."
- Dr. Mafalda Sardinha
Final Thoughts
The good news is that cherry eye in dogs is manageable and treatable. With the right diagnosis, surgical technique, and post-care, your best friend can regain their comfort and experience clear vision all throughout.
Frequently Asked Questions
Will this go away on its own?
No, cherry eye rarely goes away on its own. While the prolapsed gland might temporarily shrink or shift, it typically reappears without treatment. The longer it remains exposed, the greater the risk of complications.
What happens if this is left untreated?
If left untreated, cherry eye can lead to chronic irritation, inflammation, and recurring infections. The exposed nictitating membrane becomes vulnerable to environmental irritants, and the tear gland may lose its ability to produce tears, causing dry eye.
Can a dog live comfortably with this eye condition?
While some dogs may seem unaffected at first, cherry eye often causes discomfort, itchiness, and eye dryness over time. Dogs might paw at their eyes or rub against furniture, leading to further damage. Quality of life may decline without proper care.
What can be mistaken for cherry eye in dogs?
These can be cartilage eversion, conjunctivitis, tumors, and entropion. These conditions often present pink or red masses, swelling, and irritation.
Is this painful for dogs?
Generally, cherry eye is not painful for dogs. However, it does cause significant discomfort, irritation, and dryness. When it’s left untreated, it can result in painful complications.
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