If you’ve noticed a reddish, swollen mass near the corner of your pup’s eye, it could be a condition called cherry eye in dogs. Despite the name, cherry eye is a common issue many dog owners face. 

Although it might look alarming, cherry eye is a treatable condition when it gets the right care and attention. To help you understand it, we’ll discuss its symptoms, causes, and treatment options in dogs.

What is Cherry Eye in Dogs?

Many mammals, such as dogs, have a protective layer in their eyes that shields them from dust and debris. This third eyelid is called the nictitating membrane and holds a specific gland that is responsible for producing tears. When this third eyelid gland’s tissues weaken, the gland itself may pop out. 

In other words, your dog’s third eyelid gland might be displaced, causing the appearance of a red, swollen mass at the inner corner of the eye. This condition is called cherry eye.

This protrusion is commonly called cherry eye because it resembles a small cherry. The condition is not painful in its early stages. However, it can lead to irritation, discomfort, and potential complications, such as dry eye or infections. While cherry eye is most often seen in young dogs under two years old, it can affect dogs of any age or breed. 

Potential Complications of Cherry Eyes in Dogs

When left untreated, cherry eye in dogs leads to more complicated issues that may impact other parts of your dog’s health. One of the most common complications of untreated cherry eye is chronic irritation. 

The exposed gland is no longer protected by its normal position within the third eyelid, leaving it vulnerable to environmental irritants like dust and debris. This can cause persistent redness, swelling, and discomfort for your dog.

The exposed gland is also at a higher risk of developing secondary infections. Bacteria, fungi, and other pathogens can easily enter the exposed tissue, causing additional swelling, pain, and discomfort.

Dry eye in dogs is another area of concern. The gland responsible for producing a large portion of the eye’s tears will be exposed. If it remains out of place for an extended period, it may lose its functionality, which will hinder tear production.

Symptoms of Cherry Eye in Dogs

Recognizing the symptoms of cherry eye in dogs early on will make a significant difference in preventing any complications. The condition is relatively easy to spot because it presents visible signs that are hard to miss. Here’s what to look for:

Visible Red or Pink Mass

The clearest symptom of cherry eye in dogs is the appearance of a red or pink bulge right in the corner of their eyes. This bulge is the prolapsed gland of the third eyelid, and its size can vary. In some cases, it may be small and barely noticeable, while in others, it may be super clear and can even cover a significant portion of the eye.

Eye Irritation or Discomfort

Cherry eye in dogs can also cause irritation, which is seen when they rub or paw at their eyes. You’ll notice this frequent activity, especially if they are experiencing chronic eye conditions. In terms of cherry eye in dogs, this behavior is a reaction to the discomfort caused by the prolapsed gland.

Tearing or Eye Discharge

Cherry eye often leads to excessive tearing or a watery discharge from the affected eye. This occurs because the prolapsed gland may not function properly, leading to inefficient tear production and drainage.

Swelling and Inflammation

The affected eye may appear swollen, with the surrounding tissue looking red or inflamed. In severe cases, the condition can cause additional swelling, making the eye look more prominent.

Behavioral Changes

You’ll also notice some behavioral changes when it comes to your dogs. They might avoid bright light, squinting, or show signs of distress. Dogs might also become more secluded and vocalize their pain. These behaviors often indicate discomfort or pain.

What Causes Cherry Eye in Dogs?

The specific causes of cherry eye in dogs are not always clear, but it is often tied to a combination of several causes. These factors all contribute to the weakening of the connective tissue holding the gland of the third eyelid. Here are some of the common causes of cherry eye in dogs:

Genetic Predisposition

Certain breeds are genetically predisposed to cherry eye due to inherited weaknesses in the connective tissues. These include Bulldogs, Shih Tzus, Beagles, Cocker Spaniels, and Rottweilers. 

Because their third eyelid gland is less securely anchored, these breeds are more likely to develop the condition at a young age. If your dog belongs to one of these breeds, regular eye checks are essential to catch any signs early.

Age Factor

Cherry eye in dogs is common for pups under two years old. During this stage, their connective tissues are not fully developed, making them more prone to prolapse of the third eyelid gland. While the condition is less common in older dogs, it’s still possible, particularly if the gland experiences strain or injury.

Trauma to the Eye

Trauma or excessive strain on the eye can weaken the ligaments holding the third eyelid gland in place. For instance, rough play, accidents, or even vigorous scratching of the eye due to irritation can lead to cherry eye. 

Inflammation and Eye Infections

Conditions that cause inflammation in or around the eye can put stress on the gland and its supporting tissues. Conjunctivitis, corneal ulcers, or other eye infections can create swelling, leading to a higher chance of cherry eye in dogs.

Allergies

Allergic reactions can also lead to excessive eye rubbing or scratching, contributing to cherry eye. Dogs with seasonal or food allergies may experience itchiness and irritation around their eyes, making them more likely to develop the condition if left unmanaged.

Dust, pollen, smoke, or other irritants can cause discomfort and excessive rubbing of the eyes. Over time, repeated rubbing can strain the connective tissues holding the third eyelid gland in place. If your dog is exposed to such irritants, make sure to help relieve them of the discomfort.

Diagnosing Cherry Eye in Dogs

Diagnosing cherry eye in dogs is typically straightforward, thanks to its distinctive symptoms. However, we’ll have to conduct other tests in order to make sure our diagnosis is accurate. Dogs experience a lot of eye issues, which is why we’ll need to conduct more conclusive tests.

Ocular Examination

When you bring your dog to the clinic, our pet ophthalmologists will start by performing a thorough physical examination of the affected eye. Our vets will look for the signature red or pink bulge in the corner of your dog’s eye as the starting basis.

We’ll also check the overall state of your dog’s eyes, checking for signs of swelling, discharge, or secondary infections. Our vets will often ask you about your dog’s behavior, as these clues are helpful in diagnosing cherry eye in dogs.

Differential Diagnosis

While cherry eye in dogs is easy to identify, other eye conditions can also present similar conditions. To make sure we have an accurate diagnosis, we’ll rule out other symptoms such as conjunctivitis, tumors, and other similar conditions depending on the outlying symptoms.

Fluorescein Stain Test

Another way we can diagnose cherry eyes in dogs is by using a fluorescein stain test. We apply a non-toxic dye to your dog’s eyes and use a blue light to check for any damage. If there are any signs of damage, these will be easily seen.

This test is particularly helpful in cases where the dog exhibits excessive tearing, squinting, or signs of discomfort, as these symptoms can indicate corneal ulcers.

Schirmer Tear Test

The Schirmer tear test can be helpful in assessing the eye’s ability to produce tears. Cherry eye can sometimes disrupt tear production, leading to dry eye, which may worsen the condition or require additional treatment.

Treatment for Cherry Eye in Dogs

Treating cherry eye in dogs will involve the prolapsed gland of the third eyelid while preserving its vital function. Since the gland produces a significant portion of the tears needed to keep the eye healthy, the goal is to reposition rather than remove it.

Surgery

Eye surgery is the most reliable and long-term solution for treating cherry eye in dogs. The procedure focuses on repositioning the gland while maintaining its tear-producing function. Our vets will create adequate space for the gland to go back in. 

We do this by carefully creating an incision on the eyelid and creating a pocket for the gland to fit right in. When the pocket is big enough, we’ll reposition your dog’s gland into the pocket and shut it close by suturing the incision. 

When it comes to treatment, the earlier, the better. Surgery will work more effectively on younger dogs and dogs with conditions in the earliest stages.

Medications

In the early stages of cherry eye, our vets may recommend eye drops to help keep your dog’s eyes lubricated. Anti-inflammatory medications will also be used to help manage your dog’s discomfort. Other topical treatments can also be administered to help relieve your dog’s pain.

However, medications are generally not enough to treat cherry eye in dogs fully. Surgery will always be the definitive treatment option for cherry eye in dogs.

Post-Surgical Care

After surgery, special care is essential to ensure a smooth recovery and prevent recurrence. We prescribe anti-inflammatory or antibiotic eye drops to reduce swelling and prevent infection. Elizabethan collars are also super helpful to prevent your dog from touching the operated area.

We’ll also call for regular visits to help monitor your dog’s recovery process. You’ll also need to provide a clean and safe place for your dogs to stay in to help.

Conclusion

Cherry eye in dogs is characterized by a signature red or pink bulge on the corner of a dog’s eyes. This bulge can be caused by genetic factors, age, injury, infections, or allergies. However, cherry eye in dogs can easily be treated with early detection and the right care.