Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus in Dogs: A Pet Emergency
Bloat, also called GDV, is a life-threatening emergency. A swollen or hard belly, retching without bringing anything up, and restlessness mean your dog needs a vet immediately.
GDV stands for gastric dilatation-volvulus. When the stomach fills with gas, food, or fluid, it is called dilatation; when it then twists on itself, it is called volvulus. The twist traps the contents inside and cuts off blood flow to the stomach and other vital organs.
Without immediate treatment, GDV can be fatal. It develops quickly and can lead to shock. As the stomach expands, it presses against the diaphragm, which makes breathing hard. Blood circulation is disrupted, toxins build up, and stomach tissue can start to die. In severe cases, the heart and spleen can be affected too.
This guide covers GDV in dogs, from the causes to treatment options.
What Causes GDV in Dogs?
Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus in dogs doesn’t have a clear cause, but some factors have been shown to increase the risk. Many of them have to do with your dog’s lifestyle.
Breed and Body Type
Large, deep-chested breeds are much more likely to develop GDV. This includes dog breeds like Great Danes, Saint Bernards, Standard Poodles, and German Shepherds. Their chest structure gives the stomach more room to move and twist.
Diet and Eating Habits
Dogs that eat very quickly, gulp air while eating, or eat one large meal a day are at higher risk. Additionally, feeding only dry kibble or any food high in fat and oil may increase the risk of bloat in some dogs.
Activity Around Mealtime
Intense exercise and play after meals can also increase the risk of GDV in dogs. Like humans, dogs should rest after eating to avoid abdominal pain and gastrointestinal distress.
Age and Sex
Older dogs are at a much higher risk of Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus, while males have a slightly higher risk than females.
Symptoms of Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus in Dogs
GDV develops quickly, and in many cases, the signs can appear within a few minutes to hours. Because this is an emergency situation, take note of these common symptoms:
Unproductive Retching or Gagging. Your dog may appear to be trying to vomit, but this will just be unproductive retching or gagging. This happens because the twisted stomach prevents the contents from leaving.
Enlarged or Firm Abdomen. Affected dogs may also have a swollen belly that is firm to the touch.
Restlessness or Pacing. Dogs may act uncomfortable, unable to settle, and keep moving from place to place. This is often due to the pain they feel.
Excessive Drooling. Excessive drooling can also be caused by nausea and discomfort.
Rapid Breathing. As the stomach swells, it pushes against the diaphragm and makes it harder for your dog to breathe.
Weakness or Collapse. Some dogs may collapse because restricted blood flow reduces blood flow to vital organs.
Abdominal Pain. Your dog may hold a praying position, a common sign of pain and discomfort.
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