Canine glaucoma is an eye condition that occurs when intraocular pressure (the pressure inside the eye) increases. This damages the optic nerve and retina, potentially leading to permanent blindness if left untreated.
Key Takeaways
Glaucoma in dogs is a condition in which the eye experiences increased intraocular pressure, which can damage the retina and optic nerve.
It can be caused by genetics, uveitis, lens luxation, cataracts, intraocular tumors, eye injuries, and intraocular bleeding.
Tonometry and gonioscopy are common diagnostic methods. Glaucoma is also treated through medications and surgery.
What Are the Types of Glaucoma in Dogs?
Glaucoma comes in two main types: primary and secondary.
Primary
This type is inherited and common in certain dog breeds. These include:
Basset Hounds
Boston Terriers
Primary glaucoma is often associated with structural abnormalities in the eye. In dogs with the primary type, their drainage angle is too narrow or malformed. These defects limit fluid flow and the amount that can be drained, resulting in a gradual buildup of pressure.
Secondary
Secondary glaucoma in dogs is a type caused by other eye conditions and health issues. In many cases, only one eye is affected.
Uveitis. The inflammation results in a buildup of cells, proteins, and other debris, causing a clog that hinders fluid drainage from the eye.
Lens Luxation. The lens becomes loose and dislocated, shifting forward or backward. This can physically obstruct fluid flow and block drainage, causing acute glaucoma in dogs, a painful medical emergency.
Cataracts. Advanced cataracts can trigger blockage through lens-induced uveitis or the dissolution of cataracts. These conditions cause physical obstruction, preventing fluid from draining properly from the eye.
Intraocular Tumors. Tumors that grow within the eye can physically obstruct the iridocorneal angle, the pathway through which fluid drains.
Eye Trauma. Injuries and blunt force to the eye can damage the trabecular meshwork, the drainage system of the eyes. Other results of injuries can include inflammation, lens displacement, intraocular bleeding, and cataracts, all of which can lead to glaucoma.
Intraocular Bleeding. Bleeding within the eye can develop clots, which impair fluid flow.
What Are the Symptoms of Glaucoma in Dogs?
The main signs will be observed around the eye area and in your dog’s overall behavior. Below are the usual symptoms our veterinarians note at the clinic and those reported by our clients.
Squinting or blinking more often. Dogs may squint due to mild eye pain as intraocular pressure begins to rise. It’s often mistaken for dust or dry eye, but it can be the first warning sign.
Cloudy or bluish cornea. Some dogs may have a cloudy or hazy appearance in their eyes, which may indicate fluid buildup and increased intraocular pressure.
Redness in the white part of the eye. The blood vessels can swell, leading to a bloodshot appearance of the eye.
Hesitation in dim light. Dogs with glaucoma may start bumping into furniture or have visible trouble navigating. They might prefer rooms with dim lighting.
Teary eye. In some cases, your dog’s eyes will start to tear and show discharge.
Unequal pupil sizes. Pressure changes can affect how the pupil responds to light, leading to clear asymmetry.
Bulging or enlarged eye. Due to increased pressure, the affected eyeballs may bulge, leading to a noticeable enlargement.
Severe eye pain. Dogs with glaucoma may seem withdrawn, lethargic, or irritable. Some may rub or paw at their eyes, while others will be less interested in eating and playing.
While this can be concerning, there are ways to manage it. Early detection is extremely important, helping delay progression and manage the condition. But before that, let’s talk about the main types.
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