Is your cat losing interest in playing, jumping, or climbing? If so, it may be more than just a lazy day. Something else might be bothering them. Although it's quite uncommon, one of these could be hip dysplasia.
But what exactly is hip dysplasia in cats? Well, a cat's hip joint normally works like a smooth ball-and-socket mechanism. The ball is the femoral head that fits comfortably into a socket, also known as the acetabulum.
In cats with hip dysplasia, the ball and socket are too loose or abnormally formed, resulting in friction and instability. Over time, this leads to the gradual degeneration of the hip joint.
While cat hip problems can come in many forms, hip dysplasia is one of the most serious of them all. Here’s everything you need to know.
What Causes Hip Dysplasia in Cats?
Hip dysplasia is primarily caused by two main factors, genetics and the environment.
Genetic Factors
The most common cause of hip dysplasia in cats is genetics. Just like in humans and dogs, the condition is often inherited. When the genes responsible for joint formation develop properly, the hip joint also doesn’t develop as it should.
Some cat breeds prone to hip dysplasia include Maine Coons, Persians, and Himalayans.
Environmental Factors
Aside from plain genetics, this hip problem in cats can also be caused by several external factors. This includes:
Obesity. Excessive weight gain is one of the biggest contributors to many structural conditions, including feline hip dysplasia. The heavier a cat gets, the more strain and stress their joints experience. Over time, this leads to cartilage breakdown and inflammation.
Injuries and Trauma. Falls from high places, rough play, or car accidents can also trigger this hip condition. The trauma may alter the alignment of the hip joint, which then sets the stage for instability and degeneration.
Nutritional Deficiencies. Inadequate nutrition also contributes to the development of the hip condition. Cats who don’t obtain their nutritional requirements will have problems with growth.
Rapid Growth. Along with nutritional deficiencies, feeding too many calories can also contribute to hip dysplasia in cats. This is due to rapid growth applying uneven pressure on developing hips, resulting in structural issues.
Insufficient or Excessive Exercise. Sedentary cats may develop weak muscles due to inactivity. This ultimately results in the hip joints being unstable and stiff. Conversely, cats who overexercise will also experience weaker joints.
Cat Hip Dysplasia Symptoms
The signs often involve problems with mobility, so they’re relatively grouped into one category. Still, affected cats may not show the symptoms so easily, so it’s recommended to keep a close eye.
Here are the common symptoms of feline hip dysplasia to watch out for:
Visible Limping and Lameness. The earliest signs you will notice are limping and lameness. Cats may have trouble getting up from rest, and they also might favor one leg over the others when walking.
Difficulty Jumping and Climbing. Cats love to jump onto sofas and platforms. When they start to hesitate and outright refuse to jump, then it’s a sign that they’re in pain.
Reduced Activity Levels. A once playful cat may also become more reserved, tired, and lethargic. This drop in physical activity is due to the constant pain and discomfort.
Pain and Sensitivity When Touched. Some cats, when touched in the affected areas, may cry or move away. The sensitivity comes from the inflammation of the joints.
Abnormal Gait. Along with limping and lameness, you might also notice that your cat walks a bit differently. A cat walking with hip dysplasia involves a bunny hop motion using their hind legs.
Licking and Chewing. Some cats may also lick or chew their hips or hind legs, which indicates pain and discomfort.
How Do Vets Diagnose Hip Dysplasia in Cats?
If you notice any of the signs, then it’s important to have your cat checked. Like many other problems, we’ll start with a physical exam of your cat.
Our pet orthopedics will check your cat's movement and range of motion, carefully feeling for the hip joints. If there are any signs of pain or swelling, then hip dysplasia is possible.
To move forward, we will conduct a few diagnostic imaging tests. During the whole process, your cat will be sedated to keep it still and comfortable while we scan for the images.
X-rays are the most common tool we use for feline hip dysplasia. This allows us to assess the severity of the condition by giving us a view of the hip joint.
We’ll be able to check the shape of the hip joint, the fit of the ball into the socket, and other signs of orthopedic issues such as arthritis. Ultrasounds can be used for young kittens. Other tools, such as CT scans and MRIs, can be helpful when examining the surrounding tissues.
How Is Cat Hip Dysplasia Treated?
Treating this hip problem in cats will require long-term commitment. A combination of different treatment options ensures cats live happy and healthy lives.
Non-Surgical Methods
Mild cases of this hip problem in cats can be treated with non-surgical methods.
Pain Medication. Pet medications such as pain meds and anti-inflammatories can help relieve the pain and discomfort cats feel.
Joint Supplements. Supplements like glucosamine, chondroitin, and omega-3 fatty acids support cartilage repair and reduce joint stiffness. This may come with a specific diet plan.
Weight Management. Keeping your cat at a healthy weight will be a crucial part of recovery. For this, we may give you a diet plan that supports your cat’s nutrition and recovery.
Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation. Gentle, controlled exercise is a core part of recovery. Cats will need physical therapy to restore mobility, with hydrotherapy being a popular option as it doesn't cause strain.
Acupuncture and Laser Therapy. Other alternative procedures can include acupuncture and laser therapy. These help relieve pain and inflammation.
Surgical Methods
When non-surgical methods prove to be inefficient or lacking, then we can proceed with more invasive maneuvers. Common cat hip dysplasia surgeries include:
Femoral Head Ostectomy. FHO surgery consists of removing the femoral head, which is the ball of the joint. This allows a “false” joint to form as the muscles and scar tissue take over. It’s a procedure that offers a high chance of success and recovery.
Total Hip Replacement. Total hip replacement fully removes the cat's hip joint and replaces it with an artificial implant. This prosthetic hip joint restores natural movement, but it does come at a higher cost and longer recovery time. It’s mostly for cats with severe cases of hip dysplasia.
Can a Cat Recover From Hip Dysplasia?
Recovery is part of helping your cat get back to its normal function and movement. After surgery, full function can take about 6 to 8 weeks, or even more, to return.
Be sure to limit your cat's physical activity and pain meds as prescribed. Home adjustments, such as adding ramps, bedding, and elevated bowls, can also be helpful. To monitor progress, regular checkups and physical therapy sessions will be scheduled.
Vet Tips: How to Prevent Hip Dysplasia in Cats?
Not all cases of hip dysplasia can be prevented, especially when your cat is genetically predisposed. However, there are steps you can take to significantly lessen the risk.
Encourage gentle exercise
While cats need regular physical activity, gentle exercises are the way to go. Offer playtime with interactive cat toys, puzzle feeders, and safe vertical spaces.
Provide a balanced diet
Proper nutrition supports the development of strong bones and joints. Your cat’s diet must consist heavily of protein, which should be from high-quality cat food or proper homemade meals.
Create a safe home
Your cat’s home should be safe to avoid any risk of injury. Use soft cushions on hard surfaces and provide ramps for elevated spaces. Also, be sure to supervise your cat during play.
“A cat's graceful movement is a reflection of its health. Protect it and you’ll protect your cat’s happiness.”
- Dr. Sarabjit Singh
Final Thoughts
Hip dysplasia in cats is a progressive condition that can be managed effectively. While it’s not as prevalent in cats compared to dogs, it’s still something we should keep an eye out for. So when you notice any of the signs, be sure to have your cat checked out.
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