Respiratory symptoms can come from several diseases, presenting as sneezing, lethargy, and persistent coughing. One condition that often flies under the radar of most pet owners is Mycoplasma in cats.

This tricky little infection can affect cats of all ages, and because the signs can mimic other illnesses, it’s easy to miss. So, what exactly is feline Mycoplasma?

Mycoplasmas are tiny bacteria that don’t have a cell wall. Plus, they’re a group of opportunistic bacteria that become a problem when cats get stressed or their health declines. Because of how sneaky this infection can be, let’s talk more about what they are and how to help our cats. 

Types of Felina Mycoplasma

In cats, there are different groups that can affect them. 

Hemotropic Mycoplasmas

Another type of Mycoplasma affects the cat’s red blood cells, which can lead to more severe issues like feline infectious anemia. These are hemotropic Mycoplasmas in cats. Common ones are Mycoplasma haemofelis and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum. 

• Pale or white gums

• Jaundice

• Weakness and fatigue

• Rapid breathing and increased heart rate

• Fever and collapse

How It Spreads

Hemoplasmas are usually transmitted by cat fleas and ticks. When a flea bites an infected cat, it picks up the bacteria. So, the next time it feeds on a cat, it can transfer the pathogen. Another possible risk is when cats fight. Just a small exchange of blood is enough for transmission.

Another possible mode of transmission is when queens pass the infection to their kittens during pregnancy or nursing. 

Non-Hemotropic Mycoplasmas

The most common type is Mycoplasma felis. This type usually affects the upper respiratory system, eyes, and sometimes the joints. They’re sometimes linked to cat flu when combined with other infections. These infections are usually milder, but they can be very uncomfortable. 

• Sneezing or nasal discharge

• Conjunctivitis

• Coughing or wheezing

• Lethargy and loss of appetite

• Eye ulcers and swollen joints in some cases 

How It Spreads

Non-hemotropic Mycoplasmas generally spread through direct contact. This happens when cats groom each other, share food and water bowls, or cuddle up in the same sleeping spots. Plus, the respiratory droplets can also carry the bacteria, spreading through the air with coughs and sneezes. 

This type of Mycoplasma in cats can also survive for short periods in bedding, toys, and litter boxes. 

What Cats Are at Risk of Mycoplasma?

Even though many cats may come into contact with Mycoplasmas, not all of them will get sick. Some cats can carry the bacteria and show no symptoms at all. 

• Weakened Immune Systems. Cats that have compromised immune systems are significantly more likely to develop a Mycoplasma infection. Conditions that can cause this include FIV and FeLV. 

• Stress and Overcrowding. Stressed and anxious cats are also prone to a Mycoplasma infection. This can be apparent in unhygienic multi-cat households, catteries, shelters, and boarding facilities. 

• Poor Overall Health. Senior cats, kittens, or cats with chronic conditions are less able to fight off bacteria. In addition to this, poor nutrition and a lack of preventive treatments can increase the risk. 

• Outdoor Lifestyle. Cats that roam freely outdoors are exposed to fleas, ticks, and aggressive encounters with other infected cats. This can increase their risk of hemotropic Mycoplasma.