Respiratory symptoms can come from several diseases, presenting as sneezing, lethargy, and persistent coughing. One condition that often flies under the radar of most pet owners is Mycoplasma in cats.
This tricky little infection can affect cats of all ages, and because the signs can mimic other illnesses, it’s easy to miss. So, what exactly is feline Mycoplasma?
Mycoplasmas are tiny bacteria that don’t have a cell wall. Plus, they’re a group of opportunistic bacteria that become a problem when cats get stressed or their health declines. Because of how sneaky this infection can be, let’s talk more about what they are and how to help our cats.
Types of Felina Mycoplasma
In cats, there are different groups that can affect them.
Hemotropic Mycoplasmas
Another type of Mycoplasma affects the cat’s red blood cells, which can lead to more severe issues like feline infectious anemia. These are hemotropic Mycoplasmas in cats. Common ones are Mycoplasma haemofelis and Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum.
Pale or white gums
Jaundice
Weakness and fatigue
Rapid breathing and increased heart rate
Fever and collapse
How It Spreads
Hemoplasmas are usually transmitted by cat fleas and ticks. When a flea bites an infected cat, it picks up the bacteria. So, the next time it feeds on a cat, it can transfer the pathogen. Another possible risk is when cats fight. Just a small exchange of blood is enough for transmission.
Another possible mode of transmission is when queens pass the infection to their kittens during pregnancy or nursing.
Non-Hemotropic Mycoplasmas
The most common type is Mycoplasma felis. This type usually affects the upper respiratory system, eyes, and sometimes the joints. They’re sometimes linked to cat flu when combined with other infections. These infections are usually milder, but they can be very uncomfortable.
Sneezing or nasal discharge
Coughing or wheezing
Lethargy and loss of appetite
Eye ulcers and swollen joints in some cases
How It Spreads
Non-hemotropic Mycoplasmas generally spread through direct contact. This happens when cats groom each other, share food and water bowls, or cuddle up in the same sleeping spots. Plus, the respiratory droplets can also carry the bacteria, spreading through the air with coughs and sneezes.
This type of Mycoplasma in cats can also survive for short periods in bedding, toys, and litter boxes.
What Cats Are at Risk of Mycoplasma?
Even though many cats may come into contact with Mycoplasmas, not all of them will get sick. Some cats can carry the bacteria and show no symptoms at all.
Weakened Immune Systems. Cats that have compromised immune systems are significantly more likely to develop a Mycoplasma infection. Conditions that can cause this include FIV and FeLV.
Stress and Overcrowding. Stressed and anxious cats are also prone to a Mycoplasma infection. This can be apparent in unhygienic multi-cat households, catteries, shelters, and boarding facilities.
Poor Overall Health. Senior cats, kittens, or cats with chronic conditions are less able to fight off bacteria. In addition to this, poor nutrition and a lack of preventive treatments can increase the risk.
Outdoor Lifestyle. Cats that roam freely outdoors are exposed to fleas, ticks, and aggressive encounters with other infected cats. This can increase their risk of hemotropic Mycoplasma.
How Do Vets Diagnose Mycoplasma in Cats?
Our vets will start with a clinical examination and a review of your cat’s medical history. We’ll also ask about their lifestyle and activity at home. From here, we’ll also examine the symptoms. Next, we’ll proceed with several diagnostic and laboratory tests. This will include:
Complete Blood Count. A CBC will help us detect anemia, infections, and inflammation. If your cat has a Mycoplasma infection, then red blood cell levels may drop.
PCR Testing. This is considered the gold standard for detecting Mycoplasma in cats. It works by identifying the bacterial DNA.
Urinalysis. A urinalysis can check for the by-products of red blood cell breakdown. It can also check for the cat’s kidney health.
Biochemical Profile. This helps us check for your cat’s organ function and spot secondary issues.
Viral Screening. Mycoplasma in cats can sometimes also mean that FIV and FeLV are involved.
Diagnostic Imaging. X-rays can help assess the lungs’ condition and check for pneumonia or bronchitis.
Treatment for Mycoplasma in Cats
Feline Mycoplasma can be treated with antibiotics as the main option, followed by several supportive care methods. Doxycycline is often the most widely used antibiotic for both types of Mycoplasma in cats. The course of treatment usually lasts for 4 weeks to 6 months, depending on the case.
Supportive care therapies can include oxygen therapy, blood transfusions, nutritional support, and fluid therapy. Follow-up visits will be recommended to make sure your cat is recovering from the Mycoplasma infection.
Prognosis for Cats With Mycoplasma
The outlook for cats with mycoplasma infection varies depending on the type of infection, how quickly treatment is started, and overall health. When the right care is given, most cats recover well, some may just be chronic carriers.
Even after full recovery, some cats may experience recurrence due to certain triggers. In many cases, long-term care and management are needed to ensure a long and happy life for the cat.
Can Feline Mycoplasma Be Prevented?
When it comes to Mycoplasma in cats, prevention is recommended. While there’s no vaccine, there are several ways to greatly reduce the risk.
Provide Flea and Tick Control
Make sure your cat is up-to-date with its flea and tick preventive medications. By doing so, you can prevent Mycoplasma and many more infectious diseases.
Reduce Outdoor Exposure
Even if your cat is vaccinated, we recommend keeping your cat indoors to avoid any accidents and fights with potentially infected cats outside.
Minimize Stress and Overcrowding
Since stress can weaken your cat’s immune system, be sure to provide a quiet place at home without any of it. If you’re leaving your cat in a boarding facility, do research on the best ones.
Schedule Vet Exams
We always recommend coming to the clinic so our vets can check your cat’s condition. With every visit, we can determine the earliest signs of potential conditions.
“A healthy cat is a happy cat, and a happy cat makes for a happier home.”
- Dr. Lidija Krvavac
Final Thoughts
Mycoplasma in cats may be small, but its effects can be big. This sneaky infection shows up in different ways, depending on the type involved. The good news is that with proper care and diagnosis, cats can recover well and live happy lives.
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