If you're a dog parent, you know how important it is to keep your happy and healthy. But sometimes, health issues can sneak up unexpectedly, just like pancreatitis. This condition affects a dog’s pancreas, causing inflammation that can be painful and, in some cases, life-threatening.

Think of the pancreas as a multi-tasking powerhouse. Without it, food wouldn’t be properly digested, and blood sugar levels could become unbalanced. When the pancreas becomes inflamed, both digestion and metabolism will be disrupted, leading to serious health issues.

Pancreatitis in dogs can be sudden or long-term. Often, it requires immediate veterinary attention. Since the pancreas is a powerhouse in digestion and blood sugar regulation, any problem with it can impact a dog’s overall health.

Types of Pancreatitis in Dogs?

Pancreatitis in dogs is classified into two main types: acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis. While both involve inflammation of the pancreas, they differ in how they develop, their severity, and their long-term effects.

Acute Pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis occurs suddenly and can range from mild discomfort to a life-threatening emergency. Dogs with acute pancreatitis often experience severe vomiting, abdominal pain, lethargy, diarrhea, and collapse.

Some dogs may take on a "praying position," where they stretch their front legs forward and raise their hind legs to relieve pain. This condition is commonly triggered by high-fat meals, such as table scraps or greasy foods, but it can also result from certain medications, trauma, obesity, genetics, or other health issues.

Chronic Pancreatitis

On the other hand, chronic pancreatitis develops gradually over time. This means that the condition is caused by repeated episodes of inflammation that can permanently damage the pancreas. Dogs with chronic pancreatitis may not show dramatic symptoms, but they often experience intermittent vomiting, loss of appetite, mild abdominal pain, and gradual weight loss. 

Some dog breeds, like Miniature Schnauzers, Yorkshire Terriers, and Collies, are at a higher risk of developing chronic pancreatitis. Over time, ongoing inflammation can damage pancreatic tissue, leading to conditions such as diabetes mellitus or exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, which affects digestion and nutrient absorption.

What Causes Pancreatitis in Dogs?

Pancreatitis can develop for various reasons, but in many cases, the exact cause remains unknown. However, there are several factors and risks that have been linked to pancreatitis in dogs. 

Here’s what causes pancreatitis in dogs:

Dietary Issues

One of the most well-known causes of pancreatitis in dogs is fatty foods. Dogs that eat table scraps, greasy human foods, or high-fat treats are at a much higher risk of developing the condition. 

Additionally, some dogs have a tendency to eat things they shouldn’t. This is called dietary indiscretion. Dogs that raid the trash, steal food from the counter or consume spoiled or toxic substances are at an increased risk. Pancreatitis in dogs can develop when they ingest something that irritates the digestive system or overwhelms the pancreas.

Obesity

Obese and dogs with considerable weight are more prone to pancreatitis because excess fat in the body contributes to inflammation and can interfere with normal pancreatic function. Studies suggest that obese dogs have a higher likelihood of experiencing chronic low-grade inflammation, which may make them more susceptible to pancreatic disease. 

Breed Predisposition

Some specific dog breeds are genetically more likely to develop pancreatitis. Miniature Schnauzers, Yorkshire Terriers, Cocker Spaniels, and Dachshunds are among the breeds most at risk. Miniature Schnauzers, in particular, are known to have high blood fat levels, which can contribute to pancreatic inflammation.

Certain Medications and Toxins

Some medications and toxic substances can trigger pancreatitis in dogs. Drugs such as corticosteroids, some antibiotics, seizure medications, and chemotherapy drugs have been linked to pancreatic inflammation. Additionally, exposure to toxins like organophosphates or certain household chemicals can also contribute to pancreatitis. 

Underlying Health Conditions

Dogs with other medical conditions may be at a higher risk of pancreatitis. Conditions such as diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, and Cushing’s disease can contribute to pancreatitis. Some dogs with chronic gastrointestinal diseases like inflammatory bowel disease can also be at risk.

Trauma or Surgery

Physical trauma, such as blows and injuries from an accident or fall, can sometimes cause pancreatitis. Additionally, dogs that undergo major surgery may develop pancreatitis as a secondary complication. This can be from the reduced blood flow to the pancreas during surgery or the stress response in the body.

Unknown or Idiopathic Causes

Despite identifying common risk factors, pancreatitis in some dogs remains idiopathic, meaning there is no clear cause. Some dogs develop the condition without any obvious dietary, genetic, or medical triggers. 

Symptoms of Pancreatitis in Dogs

Pancreatitis can cause a wide range of symptoms, from mild digestive issues to severe illness. Some dogs may only show subtle signs, while others become critically ill. 

Here are the common symptoms of pancreatitis in dogs:

• Vomiting. Your dog may vomit repeatedly or just once. In some cases, the vomit may contain foam, bile, or undigested food.
  
  

• Loss of appetite. Even if your dog is normally food-obsessed, they may refuse their meals and treats altogether.
  
  

• Abdominal pain. Your dog may seem restless, whimper when touched, or take on the "praying position" to relieve discomfort.
  
  

• Lethargy. Your dog may be less playful, sleep more than usual, and seem generally off. They might not greet you at the door or show interest in activities they normally enjoy.
  
  

• Diarrhea. You may notice soft, greasy, or watery stools, sometimes with a particularly strong odor. 
  
  

• Fever. Your dog may feel warm to the touch, and their nose may be hot and dry instead of cool and moist.
  
  

• Dehydration. Check for sticky or dry gums, excessive panting, or less frequent urination. You may also notice your dog drinking more water to compensate for fluid loss.
  
  

• Swollen or bloated abdomen. Your dog’s belly may appear distended or feel tight when touched, especially in severe cases.

How is Pancreatitis in Dogs Diagnosed?

If you suspect your dog has pancreatitis, a veterinary visit is essential. Since pancreatitis symptoms can look similar to other illnesses, vets use a combination of physical exams, lab tests, and imaging to confirm the condition.

Here are the ways we diagnose pancreatitis in dogs:

• Vet Examination. A vet exam is always the first step to diagnose your dog’s condition. We’ll start by feeling your dog’s abdomen, asking about its medical history, and checking for the symptoms. Once we’ve gathered the information, we can proceed to other tests.
  
  

• Blood Tests. We use the Specific Canine Pancreatic Lipase test to identify pancreatic markers and enzymes. Additionally, there will be other blood tests to assess your dog’s overall condition.
  
  

• Imaging. Ultrasounds and X-rays will be used to rule out any blockages, tumors, or other
  abdominal issues. In some cases, they can lend a hand in diagnosing acute cases of pancreatitis in dogs.

How is Pancreatitis in Dogs Treated?

Once pancreatitis is diagnosed, treatment for pancreatitis focuses on managing symptoms, reducing inflammation, and helping the pancreas heal. Since there is no specific medication to cure pancreatitis, the goal is to provide supportive care that helps the dog recover and prevents complications. 

Here are the methods we take:

• Intravenous Fluids. Pancreatitis can cause significant fluid loss through vomiting and diarrhea, which will lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances. IV fluids help restore hydration, maintain blood circulation, and support overall organ function.
  
  

• Pain Management. Pancreatitis is often painful, and dogs may show signs of discomfort like whining, restlessness, or reluctance to move. Veterinarians typically prescribe opioid-based pain relievers to provide relief. 

  
  

• Anti-nausea and Antacid Medications. Since pancreatitis frequently causes nausea and vomiting, veterinarians may administer antiemetic medications to help control these symptoms. Antacid medications may also be given to reduce stomach acid production and prevent further irritation of the GI tract.

  
  

• Antibiotics. In cases where there is a risk of secondary infection or if there is evidence of sepsis, we may administer broad-spectrum antibiotics.

  
  

• Dietary Management. Once vomiting stops and the dog is stable, food is gradually reintroduced in the form of bland, low-fat meals. Additionally, dogs recovering from pancreatitis should be given small and frequent meals spread over the day to prevent overstimulation of the pancreas.

A healthy dog is a happy dog. Nourish them with love, feed them with care, and watch them thrive for years to come.

- Dr. Lidija Krvavac

Conclusion

Because pancreatitis can develop suddenly and progress rapidly, it’s essential to keep an eye on your dog. Pancreatitis in dogs can come from a lot of different causes, which include diet, weight, genetics, medications, health conditions, or trauma. In some cases, the cause is relatively unknown.

Helping your dog stay safe from pancreatitis starts with a good eye and swift intervention. With the right knowledge, you can keep your best friend happy and healthy.