Being a pet parent means taking care of your dog and expecting the unexpected. But sometimes, some sneaky health issue can sneak up before we even know what happened. One of these is pancreatitis. 

A dog’s pancreas produces digestive enzymes and regulates blood sugar. It’s a powerhouse, a much-needed part of a dog’s digestion and metabolism. Without it, food won’t be digested properly, and blood sugar levels can become unbalanced. 

In pancreatitis, the pancreas itself becomes inflamed and damaged. When this happens, your dog’s bodily functions will take a hit. Pancreatitis in dogs can be acute or chronic. It often requires immediate veterinary attention. 

What Are the Types of Pancreatitis in Dogs?

Pancreatitis in dogs is classified into two main types: acute pancreatitis and chronic pancreatitis. Both types involve the inflammation of the pancreas. Here’s what makes them different:

Acute Pancreatitis

Acute pancreatitis happens abruptly and can be anywhere from mild discomfort to a life-threatening emergency. Affected dogs will have severe vomiting, abdominal pain, lethargy, diarrhea, and weakness.

Some dogs may assume a "praying position.” This is when they stretch their front legs forward and raise their hind legs to alleviate pain. 

Acute pancreatitis is generally triggered by fatty foods, table scraps, and greasy snacks. It can also come from injuries, drugs, genetics, and other health disorders. 

Chronic Pancreatitis

On the other hand, chronic pancreatitis develops gradually over time. It’s caused by recurrent episodes of inflammation, all of which could damage the pancreas.

Similar to acute pancreatitis, dogs can experience intermittent vomiting, loss of appetite, and mild abdominal pain. Miniature Schnauzers, Cocker Spaniels, Yorkshire Terriers, and Collies are considered to be prone.

Over time, the ongoing inflammation can damage pancreatic tissue. This can result in several health issues, such as diabetes mellitus or exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.

What Causes Pancreatitis in Dogs?

Canine pancreatitis can develop for various reasons, but in many cases, the exact cause remains unknown. However, several factors and risks have been linked to pancreatitis in dogs.

Dietary Issues

One of the most well-known causes of pancreatitis in dogs is fatty foods. Dogs that eat table scraps, greasy human foods, or a fat diet are at a much higher risk of developing the condition.

Additionally, some dogs have a tendency to eat things they shouldn’t. This is called dietary indiscretion. Dogs that raid the trash, steal food from the counter, or consume spoiled or toxic substances are at an increased risk of pancreatitis.

Obesity

Obese and overweight dogs are significantly more prone to pancreatitis. This is because the excess body fat contributes to inflammation and interferes with normal pancreatic function.

Some studies suggest that obese dogs have a higher chance of experiencing chronic low-grade inflammation. As a result, they can be more susceptible to pancreatic diseases.

Breed Predisposition

As previously mentioned, this often includes Miniature Schnauzers, Yorkshire Terriers, Cocker Spaniels, and Dachshunds.

Miniature Schnauzers, in particular, are known to have high blood fat levels. Because of this, they tend to be more at risk. 

Certain Medications and Toxins

Canine pancreatitis can also be triggered by specific medications, drugs, and toxins. This includes corticosteroids, antibiotics, seizure medications, chemotherapy drugs, organophosphates, and household chemicals.

Underlying Health Conditions

Dogs with other medical conditions may be at a higher risk of pancreatitis. Metabolic, gastrointestinal, and endocrine issues such as diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, hypothyroidism, and Cushing's disease can contribute.

Trauma or Surgery

Physical trauma can sometimes cause pancreatitis. Strong blows and hits directly to the pancreas can cause the condition. Plus, dogs that underwent major surgery may also develop pancreatitis as a secondary complication.

Unknown or Idiopathic Causes

On some occasions, pancreatitis in dogs can be caused by unknown factors. This means that it’s idiopathic, or has no clear cause. Here, dogs may develop the condition without having any signs at all.