Aug 16, 2024
Heat stroke is a common but serious condition in dogs. While dogs do not sweat, they cool themselves down by panting. When their body temperature rises excessively, and they cannot cool down effectively, it can trigger a series of severe health problems. This results in potential problems in your dog’s organs, brain, and life.
Causes of Heat Stroke in Dogs
Understanding what causes heat stroke in dogs is crucial for preventing this life-threatening condition. Several factors can be the cause of your dog’s heat stroke, and understanding the causes can help you beat the heat.
High Temperatures
The most obvious cause of heat stroke is exposure to high environmental temperatures. Dogs are much more susceptible to heat because they have a limited ability to cool down. When the air temperature is high, dogs can struggle to regulate their body temperature as they cannot sweat like humans.
On hot, still days, the lack of air movement can make it even more difficult for dogs to cool down. Without a breeze or airflow, the surrounding heat becomes more oppressive, increasing the risk of heat stroke.
Excessive Exercise
While exercise is vital for a dog’s health, excessive exercise during hot weather can be dangerous. Dogs having a good time under the heat of the sun can find themselves quickly overheating, especially if they do not take any breaks to cool down.
Dogs that are running, playing, or otherwise exerting themselves in the heat can quickly overheat, especially if they do not take breaks to cool down. Dogs that love to play fetch or run with their owners are particularly at risk because they may not realise they are overheating until it’s too late.
Dogs with high energy, such as American Foxhounds, Border Collies, and Labrador Retrievers, are at greater risk during hot weather because they may push themselves too hard without taking breaks.
Lack of Shade and Hydration
Dogs left outside without adequate shade or access to fresh water are at high risk for heat stroke. Shade provides a cooler environment where dogs can escape direct sunlight, which can rapidly raise their body temperature. Water is essential for hydration and cooling through evaporation as dogs pant.
Poor Ventilation
Dogs confined to areas with poor ventilation, such as crates, small rooms, or poorly ventilated areas of a house, are at higher risk of heat stroke. Poor ventilation prevents heat from dissipating, causing temperatures to rise and making it difficult for dogs to cool down.
One of the most common and preventable causes of heat stroke in dogs is being left in a parked car. Even on a day that seems mild, temperatures inside a car can rise dramatically within minutes. Many pet owners believe that rolling down a window or two is enough, but small and unventilated spaces can easily warm up.
Breeds and Physical Conditions
Some dogs have a higher chance of getting heat stroke because of their breed, physical characteristics, or any underlying health conditions. Here are some of the characteristics that increase the risk of heat stroke in dogs:
Brachycephalic Breeds
Dogs that have flat faces, such as Shih Tzus and Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, are particularly susceptible to heat stroke. Their compact airways make it harder for them to pant effectively, reducing their ability to cool down.
Thick-Coated Breeds
Golden Retrievers and Chow Chows are also at higher risk because of their thick coats. Their coats, which are great for insulation in cold weather, can trap heat in the summer.
Obesity
Obesity brings in lots of problems for your dog, and heat strokes are one of them. Having more layers of fat can make it more difficult for them to cool down. It also puts additional strain on your dog’s heart and its respiratory system, increasing the risk of heat stroke.
Age and Health Conditions
Puppies, seniors, and dogs with health conditons can have more vulnerability when it comes to heat strokes. Since they have weaker and less efficient bodies, they can be prone to overheating.
What are the Symptoms of Heat Stroke in Dogs
Recognising the early signs of heat stroke in dogs can be the difference between life and death. The symptoms of heat stroke can escalate rapidly, so it's important to be aware of even the subtle indicators that your dog might be in distress.
Excessive Panting and Drooling
Panting is a dog's primary method of cooling down, but when the panting becomes excessive, it’s a red flag. You might notice that your dog’s panting is heavier, faster, and more laboured than usual. This excessive panting is often accompanied by drooling, where saliva becomes thick and sticky.
Red or Pale Gums and Tongue
Initially, the gums may appear bright red, which is a sign of increased blood flow when the body tries to cool down. As heat stroke progresses, the gums may turn pale or even blue, indicating that oxygen levels are dangerously low.
Lethargy and Weakness
As heat stroke sets in, your dog may become noticeably lethargic. They might show a reluctance to move or engage in activities they usually enjoy as their bodies can get weaker.
Vomiting and Diarrhea
Vomiting and diarrhoea are common symptoms as the body’s systems begin to shut down. In some cases, the vomit or diarrhoea may be bloody, indicating that the gastrointestinal tract is affected by the heat.
Dizziness and Disorientation
Heat stroke can affect a dog’s neurological functions, leading to confusion and disorientation. You might notice your dog looking dazed, staggered, confused, and unable to recognise familiar surroundings.
Seizures or Tremors
In severe cases, dogs may experience seizures or muscle tremors as their body temperature reaches dangerous levels.
Collapse
If a dog collapses or loses consciousness, this is a sign of severe heat stroke and should be treated as an emergency. Your dog is in critical condition at this stage, so vet care should be administered.
How To Treat Heat Stroke in Dogs
If you suspect your dog is suffering from heat stroke, immediate action is essential. Here’s how treatment for heat stroke in dogs should go:
Move Your Dog to a Cool Area
The first step is to get your dog out of hot areas. If possible, bring your dog indoors to an air-conditioned room. If you’re outdoors and can't go inside, find the shadiest spot available and create airflow using a fan.
Begin Cooling Your Dog Down
It's important to start cooling your dog down right away, but you must do so gradually to avoid shock. The most important step is to give your dog cool water and let them rest in a cool room. Give it time to recover and regulate its temperature.
Seek Veterinary Care Immediately
Even if your dog seems to recover, it’s important to seek expert help. Heat stroke can cause internal damage that might not be clear, including organ failure and brain damage. Our vets will administer IV fluids to help treat dehydration. Additional medication and treatment options such as oxygen therapy, pain relievers, and other medications will be used when complications arise.
Hydration and Diet
Treating heat stroke in dogs does not only come from the clinic. Once we give the go signal, you can bring your dog home with a few instructions on how to help it recover. The first step is to keep providing cool and fresh water with added electrolytes if needed. Cool treats and nutritious food will also help in the process.
Rest and Recovery
The long part is the recovery stage. Give your dog all the time it needs to rest and regain its strength. Continue providing a cool and comfortable space for them to relax in.
How to Prevent Heat Stroke in Dogs
Prevention is always better than treatment when it comes to heat stroke. Here’s what you should do:
Avoid High-Temperature Activities
Dogs love to play, but sometimes it gets too hot outside. Always plan your walks, as the environment can get too hot for your dog. Remember, the ground can get extremely hot and can burn your dog’s paws.
Provide Plenty of Water and Shade
Whether indoors or outdoors, always ensure your dog has fresh water and a cool place to rest. If your dog spends time outside, consider setting up a shaded area or using a cooling mat.
Watch Where You Leave Your Dog
It cannot be stressed enough that you should never leave your dog in a parked car, even for a short period. Temperatures in small areas can rise quickly, so it’s important to keep your dog in a safe place.
Use Cooling Products
There are various cooling products available for dogs, such as cooling coats, collars, and mats. These products can help your dog feel extra cool during the hot weather.
Adjust Exercise Routines
During hot weather, adjust your dog’s exercise routine to prevent overheating. Shorten walks, avoid strenuous activities, and ensure your dog has plenty of water breaks. For high-energy dogs, consider indoor activities or playtime in a cool, air-conditioned space.
Conclusion
Heat stroke in dogs can be scary, but with prompt action and proper care, it is possible to treat and prevent it. Knowing what to do when your dog gets a heat stroke makes all the difference in the world. With the right treatments and care, we can keep our dogs cool and happy so they can beat the heat!