Heat stroke is a common but serious condition in dogs. While dogs do not sweat, they cool themselves down by panting. When their body temperature rises excessively and they cannot cool down effectively, it can trigger a series of severe health problems. 

This results in potential problems in your dog’s organs, brain, and life. In fact, heat stroke in dogs is considered a life-threatening condition that can occur at any time, especially in warmer climates or poorly ventilated environments.

Causes of Heat Stroke in Dogs

Understanding what causes heatstroke in dogs is crucial for preventing this life-threatening condition. Several factors can be the cause of your dog’s developing heatstroke, and understanding the causes can help you beat the heat.

High Temperatures

The most apparent cause of heat stroke is exposure to high environmental temperatures. Dogs are much more susceptible to heat stress because they have a limited ability to cool down. When the air temperature increases, dogs can struggle to regulate their body temperature as they cannot sweat like humans.

On hot, still days, the lack of air movement can make it even more difficult for dogs to cool down. Without a breeze or airflow, the surrounding heat generated becomes more oppressive, increasing the risk of heat-related illness.

Excessive Exercise

While exercise is vital for a dog’s health, excessive exercise during hot weather can be dangerous. Dogs having a good time in the heat of the sun can find themselves quickly overheating, especially if they do not take any breaks to cool down.

Dogs that are running, playing, or otherwise exerting themselves in the heat can quickly overheat, especially if they do not take breaks to cool down. Dogs that love to play fetch or run with their owners are particularly at risk because they may not realise they are developing heatstroke until it’s too late.

Dogs with high energy, such as American Foxhounds, Border Collies, and Labrador Retrievers, are at higher risk during hot weather because they may push themselves too hard without taking breaks.

Lack of Shade and Hydration

Dogs left outside without adequate shade or access to drinking water are at high risk for heat stroke. A shaded area provides a cooler environment where dogs can escape direct sunlight, which can rapidly raise their body temperature. Drinking water is essential for hydration and cooling through evaporation as dogs pant.

Poor Ventilation

Dogs confined to areas with poor ventilation, such as crates, small rooms, or poorly ventilated areas of a house, are at higher risk of heat stroke. Poor ventilation prevents heat from dissipating, causing temperatures to rise and making it difficult for dogs to cool down.

One of the most common and preventable causes of heat stroke in dogs is being left in a parked car. Even on a day that seems mild, temperatures inside a car can rise dramatically within minutes. Many pet owners believe that rolling down a window or two is enough, but small and unventilated spaces can quickly become too warm.

Breeds and Physical Conditions

Some dogs have a higher risk of developing heat stroke due to their breed, physical characteristics, or underlying health conditions. Here are some of the characteristics that increase the risk of heatstroke in dogs:

• Brachycephalic Breeds

Dogs that have flat faces, such as Shih Tzus and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, are particularly susceptible to heat stroke. Their compact airways make it harder for them to pant effectively, reducing their ability to cool down.

• Thick-Coated Breeds

Golden Retrievers and Chow Chows are also at higher risk because of their thick coats. Their coats, which are great for insulation in cold weather, can trap heat generated in the summer.

• Obesity

Obesity brings in lots of problems for your dog, and heat stroke is one of them. Having more layers of fat can make it more difficult for them to cool down. It also puts additional strain on your dog’s heart and respiratory system, increasing the risk of heat-related illness.

• Age and Health Conditions

Puppies, older dogs, and dogs with health conditions are more vulnerable when it comes to heatstroke. Since they have weaker and less efficient bodies, they can be prone to overheating.

What are the Symptoms of Heat Stroke in Dogs

Recognising the early signs of heat stroke in dogs can be the difference between life and death. The signs of heatstroke can escalate rapidly, so it's important to be aware of even the subtle indicators that your dog might be in distress.

Excessive Panting and Drooling

Panting is a dog's primary method of cooling down, but when the panting becomes excessive, it’s a red flag. You might notice that your dog’s panting is heavier, faster, and more laboured than usual. This excessive panting is often accompanied by drooling, where saliva becomes thick and sticky.

Red or Pale Gums and Tongue

Initially, the gums may appear bright red, a sign of increased blood flow as the body attempts to cool down. As heatstroke in dogs progresses, the gums may turn pale or even blue, indicating that oxygen levels are dangerously low.

Lethargy and Weakness

As heat stroke sets in, your dog may become noticeably lethargic. They may show a reluctance to move or engage in activities they usually enjoy, as their bodies can become weaker.

Vomiting and Diarrhea

Vomiting and diarrhoea are common signs of heatstroke as the body’s systems begin to shut down. In some cases, the vomit or diarrhoea may be bloody, indicating that the gastrointestinal tract is affected by the heat stress.

Dizziness and Disorientation

Heatstroke in dogs can affect a dog’s neurological functions, leading to confusion and disorientation. You might notice your dog looking dazed, staggered, confused, and unable to recognise familiar surroundings.

Seizures or Tremors

In severe cases, dogs may experience seizures or muscle tremors as their body temperature reaches dangerous levels. 

Collapse

If a dog collapses or loses consciousness, it is a sign of severe heat stroke and should be treated as an emergency. Your dog is in critical condition at this stage, so vet care should be administered.